A bunch of. And the choice of the optimal one will depend on many factors, in particular the age of the baby and his readiness to perceive this or that information.

All approaches to teaching reading can be divided into 4 types:

• analytical-syntactic;
• subjunctive;
• reading whole words;
• warehouse.

In modern Russian schools, the first of these methods is used. Based on the teaching methodology, the unit of reading in it is sounds, which subsequently add up to syllables.

Analytical-syntactic syllabic techniques

Analytical and syntactic methods are distinguished by a clear structuredness of speech units and a clear sequence of the order of learning:
"sound → letter → syllable → word → phrase → sentence".

Their significant difference lies in the fact that the baby is not invited to immediately learn the alphabet. First, he gets acquainted with the sounds, learns to hear them in the word, analyzes the composition of the word.

The Elkonin-Davydov system can serve as a striking example of the analytical-synthetic teaching methodology.

Developing analytic-synthetic system of Elkonin - Davydov

According to this methodology, the learning process is divided into the following stages:

1. Pre-letter or sound. Games of this period aimed at teaching the child to hear certain dominant sounds, as well as pronounce them. Examples of such games are onomatopoeia (how the train hums, how the wind blows), highlighting the main sound in poetry, finding a given sound.
2. Teaching a child to determine the sound composition of a word (what sounds the word consists of, hard and soft consonants).
3. Sound analysis of a word, when a child learns to count the number of sounds in words, to find a stressed sound.
4. Letter stage. On which the child moves on to learning the alphabet.
5. Making syllables with learned letters.
6. Reading words.

Advantages of analytic-synthetic methods:

• Parents generally understand and are familiar with this system.
• Children get a detailed understanding of phonetics.
• Grammar and spelling are easier to learn.
• Children are brought up with a special sensitivity to the sound and spelling of words, as a result of which they are spared the mistakes of first-graders (omitting letters, rearranging letters).
• Methods do not contradict the school curriculum, the child does not have to "relearn".
• Perfect for children with delayed speech development, can be used in parallel with the work of a speech therapist.

Disadvantages of the methods:

• These methods are better suited for children of senior preschool, primary school age and are difficult to apply for early learning to read, since they require regular classes and exercises that bear little resemblance to a game.

Subjunctive techniques

The subjunctive method is offered mainly by foreign authors. It involves the study of letters as units of reading and the subsequent compilation of words from them (letter-by-letter reading). At the same time, special attention is paid to the comprehensive study of letters and their memorization. The stage of composing syllables with a "pure" subjunctive approach is omitted. An example is the system of early development proposed by Montessori.

Learning to read using the Montessori method

Learning begins with a comprehensive acquaintance with letters as an element of the language.

The process is conditionally divided into three stages:

1. Acquaintance with the letter as a symbol. The child learns to write letters with the help of special frames, paints them, studies and considers various options for the execution of letters (from fabric, paper, plastic, various textures and colors).
2. Learning sounds and matching them with familiar symbols. The child perceives sounds by ear and traces the contour of the named letter with his finger.
3. Teaching reading and writing. Children learn to build words, phrases and sentences from familiar letters and their corresponding sounds.

Advantages of the technique:

• Variety of play activities with toys, templates and aids.
• Children quickly learn to read without dividing words into syllables.
• Since the system is designed for the child's independent acquaintance with his environment, the baby quickly acquires the skill of independent reading to himself.
• The materials used in the process not only "teach" to read, but are also aimed at developing fine motor skills, logic, and analytical and creative thinking.

Disadvantages of the technique:

• Huge laboriousness and high cost at home. Many elements of the development environment are required: cards, templates, toys, books, frames, etc.
• Most of the lessons of the methodology are designed for a group of children.
• At the stage of compiling whole words from the studied letters, the baby may have difficulties.

Methodology of Olga Soboleva

Of the domestic authors of such methods, Olga Soboleva can be noted. She also used a creative approach to memorizing letters and sounds using the dominant type of memory, and she proposed to divide the learning process into three streams of information (for auditory, kinesthetic and visual).

• Many activities and games are performed jointly with parents.
• The learning process is easy to organize with one child.
• There are a significant number of educational materials designed not only for learning letters, but also for reading words, a special “Primer” has been developed.

All classes take place in the form of a game, but a smooth transition from game tasks to work directly with the book is expected. Olga Soboleva considers the main goal of training to be the need to instill in the child a love for the printed word.

Both noted techniques also have age restrictions. It is advisable to use them when the baby is already ready to perceive the word not globally, as at a very early age, but will show interest in the individual components of the objects being studied. As a rule, this happens about 3-4 years.

Mixed syllabic techniques

Quite a lot of mixed methods. They do not place such an emphasis on phonetics as with the analytical-synthetic approach, while after studying the letters, the baby proceeds to reading by syllables (syllabic reading).

The difference between methods close to the subjunctive method lies in the fact that phonemes are perceived by ear and are remembered as if “by themselves”. Sound analysis is not given such close attention, but the scheme: "letter (sound) - syllable - word - phrase - sentence" remains the same.

Those who adhere to this direction recommend starting the study of letters not with their full name, but with the corresponding sound (not “be”, but “b”, not “ve”, but “c”). So the crumbs in the future will be easier to get used to composing syllables. Professor Ushakov can be called the author of the first domestic mixed method, who proposed in this way to transform the letter-subjunctive method proper, adopted even before the revolution.

Warehouse reading using Zaitsev's cubes

The methodology proposed by Zaitsev is based on warehouses. They are distinguished from the usual syllables by the fact that the warehouse always consists of one or two letters (sounds) - a consonant and a vowel, a consonant and a soft or hard sign. They are easier to understand than syllables.

Therefore, you can start teaching a child earlier - at the age of about 2 years. In addition, the technique does not provide for boring classes with the alphabet or primer. Warehouses are located on the educational material (cubes).

The cubes differ in size (large - hard warehouses, small - soft) and color, in addition, various fillers are often inserted inside (for voiced and deaf sounds, vowels). A special table is also used, which contains all the studied warehouses.

Advantages of the technique:

• The child easily masters the fusion of sounds.
• You can study from the age of 1. At the same time, even at an older age, it will not be too late to start classes. At the same time, the author himself notes that even at school age, the technique can become a “magic wand” that allows you to catch up with your peers.
• There are no combinations of letters on the cubes that are absent in the Russian language. The kid will never write later, for example, “zhy” or “shy”.
• Cubes develop color and spatial perception, ear for music and memory, sense of rhythm, fine motor skills.
• Classes do not take much time, take place in the form of interesting games.

Disadvantages of the technique:

• A child who has learned to read Zaitsev's cubes is more difficult given phonetics, as the main element of the curriculum in the first grade. He does not understand how to divide a word into its component parts otherwise than by warehouses.
• Benefits are quite expensive and quickly deteriorate.

The warehouse method is also used by lesser known authors. On sale, if desired, you can find cards with warehouses, puzzles and other toys.

Early Development Techniques and Whole Word Reading

This is a relatively young approach to teaching literacy. However, it is gaining more and more adherents, primarily because it seems to many specialists the most "natural" way.

Let's make a reservation right away - this is not just a method of teaching a baby to read. This is a different approach to the entire educational process applied to the child.

The younger the child, the better his perception of images is, and the brain independently, as it develops, “builds” patterns based on the images received. This is the basis of most of the methods of early development.

The clearest example of this trend is Glen Doman's Global Reading Technique. It is based on the fact that a child from a very early age (the author himself recommends starting at 3-6 months) is taught to perceive the images of the words depicted on the cards. Thus, the study of the words themselves occurs in parallel with the memorization of their spelling.

Andrey Manichenko perfectly adapted and developed the foreign technique. Under his authorship, several books have been published on the early development of children. In addition, parents have the opportunity to purchase ready-made Doman-Manichenko cards, divided into several sets and provided with a description of specific games with them.

The advantages of this method are:

• The baby learns to read almost from birth.
• Children taught with flashcards not only begin to read sooner, but also build up a significant vocabulary faster.
• The child almost immediately begins to understand the meaning of what he read, his reading is fluent and expressive.
• During the game, the visual and auditory memory of the child is trained, which will be noticeable even at an older age.

Disadvantages of the technique:

• The older the child, the less applicable the technique. Many parents who have tried it came to the conclusion that after 2 years it no longer justifies the efforts made, since it is already difficult for the child to memorize the necessary amount of information.
• Labor intensity. Parents need to prepare a huge number of cards and regularly show them to the child repeatedly.
• Difficulties with the development of the school curriculum. It is not enough to teach the baby to read “according to Doman”, later additional classes in phonetics will be required.
• Children who have learned to read fluently in whole words make mistakes more often than peers taught by other methods.
• The baby may get used to a certain font and have difficulty reading familiar words written differently.

A few words in conclusion

As you can see, there are many ways to teach a child to read. In this article, we have reviewed the most famous of them and broken them down in accordance with the proposed approach. There are no "good" or "bad" among them. And a technique that is perfect for one kid may not show the best results for another.

It is normal to adjust the educational process in accordance with the characteristics of the baby. Be prepared for the fact that you will have to abandon the chosen approach or borrow some solution from another author.

It is permissible to combine different approaches and elements of methods that are similar in content or to “borrow” one of the stages. For example, when studying letters, turn to the methodology of Olga Soboleva, based on the associative perception of children. And then, as the crumbs grow older, it will be possible to smoothly switch to the Elkonin-Davydov method.

Another thing is if the chosen approach as a whole has not justified itself. For example, the kid simply does not want to play with cubes, and each lesson turns into torture. In this case, before changing the methodology, you should take a break in classes (2-4 weeks, depending on the age of the baby) and only then offer him new games based on a different learning principle.

Teaching a child to put letters into words, and words into sentences is not an easy task. On this difficult path, parents will need patience, accuracy and consistency. Today we will answer the main questions: how to teach a child to read by syllables without the help of teachers, and what exercises for teaching reading at home are most effective.

Learning to read: is the child ready to learn to read?

According to psychologists, the best age for learning to read is from 4.5 to 6 years. In practice, a child strives to learn to read at the age of 5 years. It is worth remembering that each child is individual in his development, and if you do not fit into the generally accepted deadlines, this only means that the learning process should be postponed a little.

There are a number of factors that indicate whether a child is currently ready to master the process of reading. Here are the most important ones:

• No problems with pronunciation- the child has the correct pace and rhythm of speech, all sounds are set;
• No hearing problems- the child does not ask again many times, does not distort words that are easy to pronounce;
• Sufficient command of speech- a rich vocabulary, the ability to build phrases and express their thoughts clearly for others;
• Developed phonemic awareness- the child can freely distinguish the sounds of speech, reproduce the sounds heard, name the first / last sound in the word;
• Free orientation in space- the child clearly knows the concepts of right / left and up / down.

By carefully observing the child, you will notice the moment when he becomes interested in putting letters into words. The child will show familiar symbols on store signs to mom and dad, and one day he will try to read them in their entirety. Of course, in his first attempts, the baby will probably read the word incorrectly, but this is not scary - this indicates that his brain is ripe for learning a new skill.

Known methods of teaching children to read

Moms and dads, seeking to teach their child to read as quickly as possible, should be very delicate in their approach to this important issue. So that the child does not lose interest in reading from the first lessons, we suggest that you get acquainted with relevant tips. They will help in the learning process to instill in the child a love for the book.

Alphabet from an early age

Let a child from infancy "absorb" into himself, like a sponge, the name of the letters in a song-game form. Short memorable rhymes about letters will be deposited in the child's memory, and closer to two years the child will be able to tell them quite consciously. From time to time turn on various songs and mini-cartoons about the alphabet, especially since in such a presentation the letters are remembered effortlessly.

Unobtrusive learning

For a preschooler, the game is the main process through which he learns the world around him, including when mastering skills. Boring classes and cramming will not bring the desired result, moreover, the child may completely stop loving reading. Present information in a warm, patient way, and the child will learn the necessary knowledge at a pace that suits him specifically.

Get busy every day

If you have begun to take the first steps in reading syllables, and they have gone to no avail, it is too early to give up. You can take a break for 1-2 days, and then try again. Did the child manage to read a couple of syllables from vowels? Great, it means that the initial reading skills have been obtained and they need to be developed. Practice regularly, and the result will not keep you waiting.

Engage in reading

Often, learning difficulties arise with those children who were practically not read in childhood, and relatives did not set their own example of reading books. It can be fixed. Stories, fairy tales, children's fiction, interesting to your child, should appear in your house. Make it a family tradition to read a short story before bed. The kid will not refuse parental attention, and an interesting story will stimulate his interest in the book.

From simple to complex

It happens that a child knows the names of letters, but does not know the sounds. A child will not be able to master reading until he learns the pronunciation of sounds well. Do this step by step:

1. study sounds;
2. move on to reading by syllables;
3. teach your child to merge syllables.

Only after passing through these three stages, you can start learning to read full words.

A detailed video with tips from the teacher - learning to read:

First Steps to Reading: Introduction to Letters

To teach a child to read, it is necessary to maintain an interest in books and letters from an early age. As a rule, at 2-3 years old, babies begin to show attention to the alphabet. It is very important for parents to provide the right developing space at this moment.

Visualization

The child will quickly remember the letters if there is a bright poster with the Russian alphabet in his field of vision. The baby points to the letter - say the corresponding sound. You may have to go back to "A" and "B" more than once and repeat them, but this is how the baby will remember them faster. For busy parents, an interactive panel with letters will be a good help - it itself sounds the letter that the child clicks on.

Touch

To memorize the letters of the alphabet, it is important for a child to use touch. To develop the abstract thinking of the baby, invite him to get acquainted with the letters molded from plasticine or cut out of cardboard. Pay attention to the similarity of objects and letters - the horizontal bar looks like a "P", and the donut is a spitting letter "O".

Tea party to the letters

The process of learning letters will be very fun and tasty if you offer your child an edible alphabet. With the help of figured pasta, you can cook Abvgdeyka soup, and for dessert, bake your own hand-made cookies - the alphabet.

Magnetic Entertainment

With the help of a magnetic alphabet, you can turn the process of learning letters into a fun and memorable game. For example, kids 1-2 years old can be lured by simply attaching a letter to the surface of the refrigerator and saying it. "Give me a letter! What do we have? It's the letter A! If the child is already 3 years old, then he will like the game of "magnetic fishing". You need all the magnetic letters in a container, and make an impromptu fishing rod from a stick and rope with a magnet. Having caught a "fish", pronounce its name, drawing an analogy with the word. "It's a fish! Look how she looks like a beetle!”

By keys

Children love to imitate the actions of adults. Let the kid press the buttons in the open text editor - he will be interested in the appearance of letters on the screen. Show how to type the simplest word "mom". You can print the first letter and give it to the child. Even if there is a completely unthinkable combination, this will be a kind of impetus for memorizing the alphabet. Also, to master the letters, you can give the child an old keyboard from the computer “to be torn to pieces”.

Mastering the principle of reading by syllables

Usually children pronounce each sound separately, and this is understandable - they need time to remember what the next letter is called. The task of parents is to help the baby overcome this natural difficulty.

You need to start the exercises with words consisting only of vowels. For example, AU, IA and UA. You need to draw / pick up illustrations for these simple words - for example, a girl lost in the forest (“AU!”), a baby lying in a cradle (“WA!”), And a cute donkey chewing grass (“IA!”). Ask the child not to read the inscription, but simply sing it. You can sing slowly, “pull” the syllable, but do not stop: AAAUUU, IIIAAAA, UUUAAAA.

On a note! Be sure to teach your child to recognize exclamatory and interrogative sentences. Highlight the moment of exclamation with your voice, the baby must distinguish between “Ah?” and "A!"

Do not be afraid to go back to the past, continue to teach your child to read the simplest syllables. When the first sound of a syllable is a consonant, it is more difficult for a child to read it. But, nevertheless, you also need to learn to read it, without it there is no way at school. Let the child “pull” HHH and then add A, O, or U. The boy gives the girl a candy - HHHA (“ON!”). The kid swings on a horse - HHNO ("BUT!"). The girl took her mother's hand - MMMA ("MA!"). Please note that the child may "pull" the first sound long enough to remember the next one.

Important! Do not rush the child if he thinks while reading a syllable that is difficult for him - when he feels the principle of folding syllables, the process of mastering the skill will go much faster.

If the baby did not manage to read the word, then the parent must read it himself, then try to read it again with the child. Then move on to the next syllable. Regardless of success, encourage and praise your little student.

Most primers for children 6-7 years old offer to learn from syllabic tables. They are a list of various syllables that do not have a semantic meaning, but are based on visualized memorization. Example: on the letter “N” the sounds “NA-NO-WELL-WE-NI”, on “M” - “MA-MO-MU-WE-MI”, on “T” - “TA-TO-TU-YOU -TI", etc. Of course, such tables have the right to life, but they are not at all interesting for children. It is absolutely not necessary to force a child to read various “VU” and “VA”, it is quite possible to cope without such outdated methodological material.

Advice! The child should not get tired of reading. In the first month, read syllables no more than 3-4 times a week. Let the lessons go not in a row, but every other day. From the second or third month, you can teach your child to read daily.

Games that help children learn to read

Reading requires diligence and regular practice. To make learning easy, look at the pictures in the books, discuss the situations depicted in these pictures, make up stories based on them. Communicate and talk more with the child - this will help him develop thinking and coherent speech.

To discover the wonderful, interesting and vast world of books, we offer you games for learning syllables, their correct pronunciation and memorization. The exercises in these games are suitable for children from 3 to 7 years old.

Note! How to quickly teach a child to read so that he does not get tired of the learning process and does not lose interest? You need to deal with it regularly, but at the same time not for long. For the first lessons, 5-7 minutes will be enough. Gradually, this time can be increased to 15-20 minutes. If you conduct classes in a playful way, it will be easy and not boring for the child to learn the skill of reading.

Exercises with words: we consolidate the skill

As soon as the child learns to merge letters into syllables, parents can be congratulated on half the journey. Now the most important thing is to consolidate the acquired skill. In this case, fun and interesting tasks will be used.

Forming the habit of reading books from infancy

At the beginning of this part, we advise you to familiarize yourself with the experience of mom. How to teach a child to read by syllables (video):

Personal example

"A child learns what he sees in his home." The well-known expression comes in handy for the formation of a child's concept of the importance of reading. If the baby often sees his parents and relatives with a book, then reading will become a part of life for him. Let the kid know from an early age that reading is interesting, and a good book may well replace a computer game or watching a cartoon.

Bright illustrations

When choosing a book to start reading, do not forget that pictures are important for children. Thanks to the expressive, bright drawings, it will be easier and more interesting for the child to follow the plot.

Regular reading

Love for books is not formed overnight. If an adult regularly reads small fairy tales aloud to a child, after a month or two the baby himself will show more interest in the works. The first words you read are often the ones on the cover of your favorite book.

Possibility of choice

The child should be interested in what you plan to read with him. Already at the age of 4, a small reader is able to determine how interested he is in this or that book. At this age, it's time for the first trip to the library - let the baby choose the book himself in accordance with his own desire.

TV viewing restriction

Reading, of course, requires certain intellectual efforts from the child. What can not be said about television - it literally takes away the opportunity to dream up, providing ready-made images. You should not completely deprive yourself of watching cartoons, but it makes sense to limit the time spent behind the screen and strictly select allowed TV programs.

The optimal period for getting acquainted with letters and learning to read by syllables is considered to be from 5 to. If the child learns without any problems, then the second step - folding letters into syllables - is most often very difficult. It requires perseverance, attention and help from parents. How to teach a child to read in syllables, what techniques can be used at home, we will tell in our article.

Algorithm for teaching a child to read by syllables

The action plan can be broken down into 3 steps:

1. Introduction to the alphabet.

This stage starts at 2-3 years of age. It does not cause difficulties for children, the letters are remembered and memorized easily.

1. Folding syllables.

Requires the child to understand sounds, not letters. Earlier than 4-5 years, you do not need to start this stage. If folding syllables from consonants and vowels is difficult, discourages reading, invite the baby to sing a couple of vowels together. For example, AU, EU ...

1. Continuous reading of several syllables.

If the child is good at merging letters into syllables. Going to reading simple words will not be difficult.

Thus, the main and most difficult step for preschoolers will be the 2nd stage of learning to read. Give him more time, spend classes regularly so that the skill is not lost. To help yourself and your child, choose one of the teaching methods recognized in the pedagogical community for teaching syllabic reading, presented below.

Primer Zhukova

Nadezhda Zhukova based her methodology on teaching the folding of syllables. Reading simple words starts from the third lesson. Before learning begins, children should be familiar with the alphabet, although you do not need to learn all the letters at once. At first, it is enough to inform the child about vowels, to explain that they are sung.

Focus on the following points:

• The child should help himself with his fingers.

N. Zhukova's primer has special tracks for connecting letters into syllables. You need to lead along them with your fingers and pull the first sound, connecting it at the end of the run with the second sound. So the child visualizes the process of reading.

• Pay attention to articulation.

The first sound is long, the second is short.

• Make sure that the baby does not separate the sounds.

For example, PeA instead of PAAAA. You need to pronounce not letters, but sounds. It may take a long time, but learning to pronounce sounds is the foundation of reading.

• During the lesson, give the child additional tasks.

Count how many sounds you read? How many letters are in this word? Which sound is first, which is second?

Do not forget about personal example. Read with your child together, at the same time, in turns and one after another.

Video teaching a child to read by syllables

Bakhtina's technique

Suitable for young children (from 3-4 years old) who have mastered the method of fluent letter recognition. Learning according to Bakhtina is based on combinations of one vowel with different consonants. For example, today you are introducing a child to how the letter A made friends with the consonant M. We read MA, then G-GA, and so on. A pair of consonants is enough for one day. In the next lesson, follow the same pattern, remembering to repeat the material from the last lesson.

After 5-7 lessons, you can add simple words from familiar letters: MA-MA, PA-PA, NO-GA. Leave complex vowels (E, Yu, Ya, Yo) for the last lessons. It is better to read them with hissing.

For lessons, use homemade flashcards or buy demo material from the store. Practice every day, but be guided by the individual pace of reading acquisition by the baby.

Warehouse Reading

Suitable for children who find it difficult to add syllables, reading letters separately from each other. For classes, parents need to prepare the following handout:

• Write out all the vowels in a column on a separate piece of paper.

The child must pronounce them fluently. This will take 1-3 lessons.

• Make another card by adding one consonant to the vowels. For example, SA, CO, SU, etc. Syllables are written in the same column.
• Prepare cards with syllables for the future (use all consonants).

When the material is ready, you can start learning. Build the learning process like this. First practice easy recognition and pronunciation of vowels, then read syllables with one consonant, after a good assimilation of the material with another, and so on. You need to read syllables from top to bottom, through one, from bottom to top, from left to right, only the first ones on several cards, and so on. This helps to automate the skill.

After mastering the ability to read all the syllables, proceed to the folding of simple words. If a child refuses to learn, come up with games with dolls, take Zaitsev's cubes to help, set an example yourself. Practice every day for 7-15 minutes, no more. You can’t take long breaks between lessons, a maximum of 1-2 days a week, otherwise the skill will quickly be lost, efforts will be wasted.

Attention! The use of any medicines and dietary supplements, as well as the use of any medical methods, is possible only with the permission of a doctor.

To date, the child in the first grade must be led already prepared. He must know not only letters, but also be able to read. Not all children go to preschool institutions, and kindergartens do not teach literacy and letters everywhere. Therefore, very often parents face the question of how to teach a child to read by syllables at home.

Many questions immediately arise: where to start, what method to choose, so that it is fast and efficient. The ways of learning to read by syllables are so diverse that many moms and dads are simply lost. Let's try to understand these issues in order.

Is the child ready to learn

Before starting the process itself, it is necessary to take into account the psychological and physical readiness of the baby for learning. There are several basic criteria by which you can determine in which vein to start, so that education does not subsequently turn your preschooler away from reading for life.

1. If your child speaks fluently in sentences and logically connects phrases, then it's time. Check if the son or daughter understands what you read.
2. An important criterion is the ability to distinguish sounds. Speech therapists call this phonemic hearing. For example, a mushroom is a flu, a soup is a tooth, a mouth is a genus. Does the child understand that these words have different meanings?
3. A big problem on the way to learning can be speech delay or incorrect pronunciation of certain sounds: if a child pronounces sounds incorrectly, then the help of a speech therapist teacher is required. Don't wait for the problem to resolve itself. Take your child to a specialist for classes and regularly attend them, and be sure to complete the tasks that the teacher gives you to independently consolidate the educational material. Speech delay, stuttering - it is necessary to show the child to a neurologist and a psychiatrist. In any case, there is a reason, and it must be found out.

1. It is imperative to teach the baby where left and right, top and bottom. This will help him navigate the text: which side to start reading the word, where is the top line, and where is the bottom.

When to start learning to read

Many parents are so worried that their child will not have time to learn to read before school that they begin to literally pester the baby at almost 2 years old.

• At 3-4 years old, it may not be interesting for a baby to sit over a book. And that's okay. There are challenges for every age.
• If a child of acquaintances reads almost from the age of 2 and knows Fet and Tyutchev by heart, this does not mean that it’s time for you too. All children are so individual that general recommendations remain in any case only general. Learn to feel your child.
• At 5 or 6 years old, it's a different story. But if the kid does not go to kindergarten or to some classes for a certain reason, then start teaching him yourself. In an unobtrusive form, teach to write in capital letters the main words "MAMA", "DAD", "HOUSE", "CAT", your name. With minimal preparation, the child will be much easier to endure adaptation in the first grade.

8 basic rules for teaching a child to read by syllables at home

They will help you to correctly orient yourself and understand what is main and what is secondary. Now more.

1. Start small: gradually learn the letters and sounds as you walk. Draw a letter in the sand with a stick, then a syllable. The same can be done from twigs or pebbles. It will be interesting to learn to read to the baby, guessing the familiar letters, and then the syllables on the signs. Show that letters and words surround us everywhere.
2. A little later, the educational process can be transferred to the house. Set up a chair and table for writing and reading. Make sure there is proper lighting. Teach your child to gradually put the notebook, pen or pencil away. Books need a small shelf. Teach your toddler to clean up after themselves and be organized. All this must be done in a relaxed manner. At first, 10 minutes a day is enough for the baby.
3. Read with pleasure yourself. Develop a culture of reading in your family. Discuss what you read with your child. For a smaller one, ask questions: who is in the picture? Who is the story about? When the baby grows up, you can ask more complex questions: why did the hero of the fairy tale do exactly that? What would you do in his place?
4. It would be more correct to start from simple words to more complex ones. Start with words where the syllables are repeated: ma-ma, pa-pa, ba-ba, dya-dya. Then move on to the complex ones: kosh - ka, de - re - in, de - ti, ve - ter.
5. Get several sensible textbooks: primer (author N. S. Zhukova), Favorite alphabet (Irina Solnyshko), primers authored by N. Betenkova, V. Goretsky, d. Fonin, N. Pavlova, magnetic alphabet, cubes with letters. Draw vowels on cards and place them throughout the apartment. Gradually, the child will remember them all. Then swap them. Do the same with the consonants.
6. ABCs and primers require more perseverance, but they gradually teach the child not only letters, but also syllables. Associative thinking will help you learn the alphabet faster: the letter “A” is an album, “B” is a squirrel, “C” is a bicycle, and bright pictures will help you memorize it faster.
7. Repeat what you have already learned. If you have begun to study, then do it systematically. Otherwise, there will be no result. While in line or on the road, read a short book with your child. Time will pass faster, and even with benefit.
8. Most importantly, don't force, don't get nervous, and don't use violence. Childhood is a golden time, do not forget about it. It is not necessary at all: if you need and want it, then your child wants the same.

game video Luntik teaches letters and helps to prepare for school. Together with him, after completing several interesting and varied lessons, the child will learn letters and alphabetical order.

Main popular methods

There are many different schools, individual and author's methods. Let's focus on some that are really capable of producing results.

Zaitsev Cubes

• Unlike traditional primers, this method allows you to master not only individual letters, but also combinations of consonants and vowels, individual letters, as well as the use of soft and hard signs. There are 52 cubes in total.
• During the game, the baby can not only compose different words, but also understand what deaf and voiced consonants are. Cubes with images of consonant sounds are filled with pieces of wood, and those with images of voiced sounds are filled with metal parts.
• As an application, there are tables that also have syllables. The main rule is not to read, but to sing.
• The cubes vary in size: large ones with the image of hard combinations and consonants, and smaller cubes with soft consonants.
• The downside of this technique, judging by the reviews, is that already at school the child may have difficulty parsing the word by composition, and also, some children subsequently simply “swallow” the endings. Well, a plus: children quickly and in a playful way master the alphabet and reading by syllables.

Learning to read Montessori

The whole process is not quite traditional: first we write, and then we learn the letter, and then the syllable. The advantage of the method is that everything is presented in the form of a game. First, the letters are shaded and outlined, and then their pronunciation is learned. The letters are cut out of rough paper. The same letter can be drawn, for example, on a semolina. The downside of this technique is that you have to prepare a lot of material for training.

Dynamic Chaplygin Cubes

The set includes 10 cubes and 10 blocks that move. The task of the child is to make a pair of vowel and consonant. They are depicted on each side of the cube. Each dynamic block includes a consonant and a vowel.

Still popular are "Skladushki" and "Teremki" by V. Voskobovich, as well as Doman's Cards.

Conclusion

I hope that after reading the article, the question of how to teach a child to read by syllables at home will not cause you confusion. And you will determine for yourself exactly how to organize the learning process for your son or daughter. To make it easier for you to make a plan of action, here are a few more recommendations:

• Before you start learning, make sure that the child is really ready for it. Do not force, try to conduct training, especially at the initial stage, in a playful way.
• Despite the many methods, first of all, a child needs happy and loving parents. If you have established contact with the baby, then any method of learning will bring results.
• Start small, gradually move on to more difficult. If you have started learning, then do not be lazy and do not stop, only then you can learn to read. Even if everything goes well, don't forget that your favorite student is just a child and sometimes just wants to play or run.

Good luck and be patient!

Your Tatiana Kemishis