Most families have their own public or unspoken traditions. How important are they for raising happy people?

Traditions and rituals are inherent in every family. Even if you think that there is nothing like this in your family, most likely you are a little mistaken. After all, even the morning: “Hello!” and evening: “Good night!” - this is also a kind of tradition. What can we say about Sunday dinners with the whole family or the collective making of Christmas tree decorations.

First, let’s remember what the word “family,” so simple and familiar from childhood, means. Agree, there may be different options on the topic: “mom, dad, me,” and “parents and grandparents,” and “sisters, brothers, uncles, aunts, etc.” One of the most popular definitions of this term says: “A family is an association of people based on marriage or consanguinity, connected by a common life, mutual moral responsibility and mutual assistance.” That is, these are not just blood relatives living under the same roof, but also people who help each other and are mutually responsible. Family members in the true sense of the word love each other, support each other, rejoice together on happy occasions and are sad on sad occasions. They seem to be all together, but at the same time they learn to respect each other’s opinions and personal space. And there is something that unites them into one whole, unique to them, in addition to the stamps in the passport.

This “something” is family traditions. Do you remember how you loved to come to your grandmother for the summer as a child? Or celebrate birthdays with a large crowd of relatives? Or decorate the Christmas tree with your mother? These memories are filled with warmth and light.

What are family traditions? Explanatory dictionaries say the following: “Family traditions are the usual norms, behavior patterns, customs and views accepted in the family that are passed on from generation to generation.” Most likely, these are the usual standards of behavior that the child will take with him to his future family and pass on to his children.

What do family traditions give to people? Firstly, they contribute to the harmonious development of the child. After all, traditions imply repeated repetition of some actions, and, therefore, stability. For a baby, such predictability is very important; thanks to it, over time he ceases to be afraid of this big, incomprehensible world. Why be afraid if everything is constant, stable, and your parents are nearby? In addition, traditions help children see in their parents not just strict educators, but also friends with whom it is interesting to spend time together.

Secondly, for adults, family traditions give a feeling of unity with their relatives, bring them closer, and strengthen feelings. After all, these are often moments of pleasant time spent together with those closest to you, when you can relax, be yourself and enjoy life.

Thirdly, this is the cultural enrichment of the family. It becomes not just a combination of individual “selves”, but a full-fledged unit of society, bearing and making its contribution to the cultural heritage of the country.

Of course, these are not all the “advantages” of family traditions. But even this is enough to make us think: how do our families live? Perhaps we should add some interesting traditions?

There is a huge variety of family traditions in the world. But still, in general, we can try to conditionally divide them into two large groups: general and special.

Common traditions are traditions found in most families in one form or another. These include:

• Celebrating birthdays and family holidays. This tradition will certainly become one of the first significant events in the baby’s life. Thanks to such customs, both children and adults receive many “bonuses”: anticipation of the holiday, good mood, the joy of communicating with family, a feeling of being needed and important to loved ones. This tradition is one of the warmest and most cheerful.
• Household duties of all family members, cleaning, putting things in their places. When a child is accustomed to his household duties from an early age, he begins to feel included in the life of the family and learns to care.
• Joint games with children. Both adults and children take part in such games. By doing something together with their children, parents show them an example, teach them different skills, and show their feelings. Then, as the child grows up, it will be easier for him to maintain a trusting relationship with mom and dad.
• Family dinner. Many families honor the traditions of hospitality, which helps unite families by gathering them around the same table.
• Family council. This is a “meeting” of all family members, at which important issues are resolved, the situation is discussed, further plans are made, the family budget is considered, etc. It is very important to involve children in the council - this way the child will learn to be responsible, as well as better understand his family.
• Traditions of “carrot and stick”. Each family has its own rules for what you can (if possible) punish a child for, and how to encourage him. Some give you extra pocket money, while others give you a trip to the circus together. The main thing for parents is not to overdo it; excessive demands from adults can make the child uninitiated and lethargic or, conversely, envious and angry.
• Rituals of greeting and farewell. Wishes of good morning and sweet dreams, kisses, hugs, greetings when returning home - all these are signs of attention and care from loved ones.
• Days of remembrance of deceased relatives and friends.
• Walking together, going to the theater, cinema, exhibitions, traveling - these traditions enrich the life of the family, making it brighter and more eventful.

Special traditions are special traditions specific to one given family. Perhaps this is the habit of sleeping until lunch on Sundays, or going on a picnic on weekends. Or a home theater. Or hiking in the mountains. Or…

Also, all family traditions can be divided into those that developed on their own and those that were consciously introduced into the family. We'll talk about how to create a new tradition a little later. Now let’s look at some interesting examples of family traditions. Perhaps you will like some of them and want to introduce them into your family?

How many families - how many examples of traditions can be found in the world. But sometimes they are so interesting and unusual that you immediately begin to think: “Shouldn’t I come up with something like that?”

So, examples of interesting family traditions:

• Joint fishing until the morning. Dad, mom, children, night and mosquitoes - few people will dare to do this! But a lot of emotions and new impressions are also guaranteed!
• Family cooking. Mom kneads the dough, dad twists the minced meat, and the child makes dumplings. So what if it’s not quite straight and correct. The main thing is that everyone is cheerful, happy and covered in flour!
• Birthday quests. Each birthday person - be it a child or a grandfather - is given a card in the morning, using which he looks for clues leading him to the gift.
• Trips to the sea in winter. Packing your whole family's backpacks and going to the seaside, breathing in fresh air, having a picnic or spending the night in a winter tent - all this will give an unusual feeling and unite the family.
• Draw cards for each other. Just like that, without any reason or special artistic talent. Instead of being offended and pouting, write: “I love you! Although you are sometimes unbearable... But I’m not a gift either.”
• Together with the little ones, bake shortcakes for the feast of St. Nicholas for orphans. Joint selfless good deeds and trips to an orphanage will help children become kinder and more compassionate, and grow up to be caring people.
• Bedtime story. No, it’s not easy when a mother reads to her baby. And when all the adults read in turn, and everyone listens. Light, kind, eternal.
• Celebrate the New Year in a new place every time. It doesn’t matter where it will be - in the square of a foreign city, on the top of a mountain or near the Egyptian pyramids, the main thing is not to repeat yourself!
• Evenings of poems and songs. When the family gets together, everyone sits in a circle, composes poems - each one a line - and immediately comes up with music for them, and sings with a guitar. Great! You can also organize home performances and puppet theaters.
• “Putting” gifts for neighbors. Remaining unnoticed, the family gives gifts to neighbors and friends. How nice it is to give!
• We say warm words. Every time before eating, everyone says nice words and compliments to each other. Inspiring, isn't it?
• Cooking with love. “Did you put down love?” “Yes, of course, I’ll put it in now. Please give it to me, it’s in the locker!”
• Holiday on the top shelf. It is a custom to celebrate all holidays on the train. Have fun and on the move!

In order to create a new family tradition, you only need two things: your desire and the fundamental consent of your household. The algorithm for creating a tradition can be summarized as follows:

1. Actually, come up with the tradition itself. Try to involve all family members as much as possible to create a friendly, cohesive atmosphere.
2. Take the first step. Try your "action". It is very important to saturate it with positive emotions - then everyone will look forward to the next time.
3. Be moderate in your desires. You shouldn’t immediately introduce many different traditions for every day of the week. It takes time for customs to take hold. And when everything in life is planned down to the smallest detail, it’s also not interesting. Leave room for surprises!
4. Strengthen the tradition. It is necessary to repeat it several times so that it is remembered and strictly observed. But don’t take the situation to the point of absurdity - if there’s a snowstorm or rainstorm outside, you might want to give up the walk. In other cases, it is better to observe tradition.

When a new family is created, it often happens that the spouses do not have the same ideas about traditions. For example, in the groom’s family it is customary to celebrate all holidays with numerous relatives, but the bride celebrated these events only with her mother and father, and some dates could not be celebrated at all. In this case, the newlyweds may immediately develop a conflict. What to do in case of disagreement? The advice is simple - just a compromise. Discuss the problem and find a solution that suits both of you. Come up with a new tradition - already common - and everything will work out!

In Russia, from time immemorial, family traditions have been honored and protected. They are a very important part of the country's historical and cultural heritage. What kind of family traditions were there in Russia?

Firstly, an important rule for every person was knowledge of his ancestry, and not at the level of “grandparents,” but much deeper. In each noble family, a family tree was compiled, a detailed pedigree, and stories about the lives of their ancestors were carefully preserved and passed on. Over time, when cameras appeared, family albums began to be maintained and stored, and passed on to younger generations. This tradition has reached our times - many families have old albums with photographs of loved ones and relatives, even those who are no longer with us. It’s always nice to review these “pictures of the past”, to be happy or, conversely, to be sad. Now, with the widespread use of digital photographic equipment, there are more and more frames, but most often they remain electronic files that have not “flowed” onto paper. On the one hand, storing photos this way is much easier and more convenient; they do not take up space on shelves, do not turn yellow over time, and do not get dirty. Yes, and you can shoot much more often. But the trepidation associated with the expectation of a miracle also became less. After all, at the very beginning of the photo era, going to a family photo was a whole event - they carefully prepared for it, dressed smartly, everyone walked joyfully together - why isn’t it a separate beautiful tradition?

Secondly, the primordial Russian family tradition has been and remains to honor the memory of relatives, remember the departed, as well as care and constant care for elderly parents. In this, it is worth noting, the Russian people differ from European countries, where elderly citizens are mainly cared for by special institutions. Whether this is good or bad is not for us to judge, but the fact that such a tradition exists and is alive is a fact.

Thirdly, since ancient times in Russia it has been the custom to pass on family heirlooms from generation to generation - jewelry, dishes, some things of distant relatives. Often young girls got married in their mothers' wedding dresses, who had previously received them from their mothers, etc. Therefore, many families always had special “secrets” where grandfather’s watches, grandmother’s rings, family silver and other valuables were kept.

Fourthly, it was previously very popular to name a newborn child after one of the family members. This is how “family names” appeared, and families where, for example, grandfather Ivan, son Ivan and grandson Ivan.

Fifthly, an important family tradition of the Russian people was and is assigning a patronymic to a child. Thus, already at birth the baby receives part of the clan name. By calling someone by name or patronymic, we express our respect and politeness.

Sixth, previously, very often a child was given a church name in honor of the saint who was honored on the child’s birthday. According to legend, such a name will protect the child from evil forces and help in life. Nowadays, such a tradition is observed infrequently, and mainly among deeply religious people.

Seventh, in Rus' there were professional dynasties - entire generations of bakers, shoemakers, doctors, military men, and priests. Growing up, the son continued his father’s work, then his son continued the same work, and so on. Unfortunately, now such dynasties are very, very rare in Russia.

Eighth, an important family tradition was, and is still being returned to more and more often, the mandatory wedding of newlyweds in church and the baptism of infants.

Yes, there were many interesting family traditions in Russia. Take, for example, a traditional feast. It’s not for nothing that they talk about the “broad Russian soul.” But it’s true that they carefully prepared for the reception of guests, cleaned the house and yard, set the tables with the best tablecloths and towels, served pickles in dishes stored specifically for special occasions. The hostess came out to the threshold with bread and salt, bowed at the waist to the guests, and they bowed to her in return. Then everyone went to the table, ate, sang songs, and talked. Oh, beauty!

Some of these traditions have hopelessly sunk into oblivion. But how interesting it is to notice that many of them are alive, and they are still passed down from generation to generation, from father to son, from mother to daughter... And that means the people have a future!

The cult of family traditions in different countries

In Great Britain, an important point in raising a child is the goal of raising a true Englishman. Children are raised in strictness, taught to restrain their emotions. At first glance, it may seem that the British love their children less than parents in other countries. But this, of course, is a deceptive impression, because they are simply accustomed to showing their love in a different way, not the way, for example, in Russia or Italy.

In Japan, it is very rare to hear a child cry - all the wishes of children under 6 years old are immediately fulfilled. All these years, the mother has been engaged only in raising the baby. But then the child goes to school, where strict discipline and order await him. It is also curious that the entire extended family usually lives under one roof - both old people and babies.

In Germany, there is a tradition of late marriages - rarely does anyone start a family before the age of thirty. It is believed that before this time, future spouses can realize their potential at work, build a career, and are already able to provide for their family.

In Italy, the concept of “family” is comprehensive - it includes all relatives, including the most distant ones. An important family tradition is joint dinners, where everyone communicates, shares their news, and discusses pressing issues. Interestingly, the Italian mother plays a significant role in choosing a son-in-law or daughter-in-law.

In France, women prefer a career to raising children, so after a very short time after the birth of a child, the mother returns to work, and her child goes to kindergarten.

In America, an interesting family tradition is the habit of teaching children to live in society from early childhood, supposedly this will help their children in adulthood. Therefore, it is quite natural to see families with small children both in cafes and at parties.

In Mexico the cult of marriage is not so high. Families often live without official registration. But male friendship there is quite strong, the community of men supports each other, helps in solving problems.

As you can see, family traditions are interesting and great. Do not neglect them, because they unite the family and help it become one.

“Love your family, spend time with them and be happy!”
Anna Kutyavina for the website website

Unlike manners and etiquette, customs are inherent to the broad masses of people. A custom is a spontaneously formed, habitual, stereotypical way of behavior of people. Custom - traditionally established order of behavior. It is based on habit and refers to collective forms of action. Customs are mass patterns of actions approved by society that are recommended to be performed. Informal sanctions are applied to violators - disapproval, isolation, censure. The Slavs had such collective actions as the custom of giving birth to the first child in the parental home, the custom of feeding the father of the newborn at the christening dinner with a mixture of porridge, pepper, salt, vodka, and sometimes vinegar, the custom of “sealing the grave,” etc.

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M. Kupriyanova English etiquette

Most people associate the word “etiquette” with something like a white starched tablecloth, which is pulled out on holidays. Meanwhile, using the rules of etiquette every day, you get additional pleasure from communicating with others. A few words about specific rules of good manners. Who should go through the door first - a man or a woman? There are two legends about this. Our ancestors, to check whether the cave was inhabited, launched a woman first. If she returned, the husbands boldly took over the shelter; if not, they looked for another. In the Middle Ages, a woman walked in front of a man and thereby seemed to protect him - the cult of the Beautiful Lady was so strong that it was unthinkable to attack not only the woman, but also her companion. Today, a man should go ahead of a woman when he can protect her from possible danger, say, when entering a restaurant or an elevator. In other cases, he walks behind.

Approaching the door, a woman expects a man to open it. She can count on the same service when leaving the car. ^Which side should a man walk from a woman - to the right or to the left? Since he is obliged to hold you with his right, his strongest hand,

Hey, we need to move to the right. But there are two exceptions to this rule: if your companion is a military man and if you are moving along the street, then you need to choose the least dangerous or dirty side. Who greets whom first? French military regulations say that the most polite person greets first. But according to etiquette, a young man should greet an older man, a man should greet a woman. But the hand is offered to shake -

in reverse order: woman to man, elder to younger.

In general, a handshake is not a very desirable form of greeting for a woman. When she extends her hand, she often doesn’t know whether they will shake her fingers or kiss her. Therefore, it is better for a woman to offer her hand in a relaxed and vague way, so that the man has a choice. Adapted and abridged from: Moskovsky Komsomol member. 1994. April 7.

Tsivyan T.V. On some issues of constructing the language of etiquette // Proceedings on sign systems. "artu, 1965. T. 2. P. 144.

Custom regulates the behavior of group members, strengthens group cohesion, and introduces the individual to the social and cultural experience of the group. Examples of customs are New Year celebrations, weddings, visiting, etc. Compliance with customary norms is ensured by the strength of the group's public opinion.

A custom that is preserved and passed on from generation to generation is called tradition (from lat. traditional- transmission, legend). Tradition is everything that is inherited from predecessors. Tradition is represented by values, norms, patterns of behavior, ideas, social institutions, tastes, and views. Meetings of former classmates, fellow soldiers, and the raising of the national or ship’s flag can become traditional. Some traditions are performed in a casual setting, while others are performed in a festive, upbeat setting. They belong to the cultural heritage, are surrounded by honor and respect, and serve as a unifying principle.

Tradition is a method of reproduction, the process of transmission (transmission) from one generation to another of the basic content of culture - values ​​and norms. Traditions preserve all that is most valuable in culture.

The mechanism of such transfer is:

♦ folklore, i.e. oral tradition;

♦ imitation, repetition of a pattern of behavior. Adequacy is achieved through repeated repetition of actions, and rituals play a great role in this.

In pre-industrial societies, most, and in pre-literate societies, the entire content of culture was transmitted through traditions.

The importance of traditions for the life of society is difficult to overestimate. They play a role similar to heredity in a living organism. And just as disturbances in the apparatus of heredity can lead to the death of an organism, so cultural destruction and loss can lead to the degradation of society.

Traditions do not allow the “connections of times” to disintegrate; they accumulate the cultural experience of previous generations and pass it on to their descendants, which allows them to build their lives not from scratch, but from the place where their ancestors left off. The interruption of a cultural tradition (as a result of natural disasters, wars) leads society to decline. The loss of traditions means the loss of socio-historical memory (public amnesia), as a result, the people cease to feel that they are subjects of history, just as a person who has lost his memory ceases to feel that he is a person. Such people (and society) are easy to manipulate, like a child.

Therefore, sometimes a cultural tradition is interrupted not only by force, but artificially. Some forces, in arrogant impatience, are trying to “drive the nag of history” by making a “great leap.” The main way of this is to break the connection between generations, pitting “progressive” children against “backward” fathers: the Hitler Youth in Germany, the Red Guards in China. The sad consequences of this are well known. In general, the desire to renounce the old world, to destroy everything to the ground, to throw Pushkin off the ship of modernity is a manifestation of extreme lack of culture, sociological illiteracy and national unconsciousness.

The implementation of sociocultural norms is often expressed in rites and rituals - a strictly defined sequence of symbolic actions embodying certain social ideas.

Rituals accompany the most important moments in a person’s life - birth (baptism, naming), growing up (initiation), creating a family (wedding, wedding), death (funeral service, burial, wake). The social meaning of the ritual is to promote better assimilation by the individual of group values ​​and norms. The power of the ritual lies in its emotional and psychological impact. The aesthetic side of the ritual is aimed at this - music, songs, dances, expressive gestures, etc.

Often ritualism is associated only with religion. In fact, ceremonial (ritual) actions are common in all spheres of social reality: the military oath, initiation into students, opening of a monument, inauguration of the president, etc. Even in prison there are rituals. For example, the ritual of “registration”, i.e. welcoming a newcomer into the prison community; ritual of “lowering” - transfer to a low-status group, lower “caste”.

Rituals associated with birth, wedding, death are called family; agricultural and other rituals - calendar ones.

There was such a custom in medieval England. When an apprentice, engaged in unskilled dirty work, was transferred to master printers, who were engaged in clean, highly skilled work, the comrades finally arranged a wash in reverse. The young man was immersed in a vat of waste. It could have been yogurt stored in advance, into which colleagues spat, urinated, and did whatever came to mind for several days. Through the rite of passage, i.e. Literally everyone went through the rite of passage from one job to another. It survived in England until recent days, but in a purely symbolic form.

Many ancient rituals are associated with bread. Twinning is the sharing of a cake between named brothers, a wedding ceremony is the ritual of sharing bread between husband and wife. “Bread and salt” - this greeting is a symbol of cordiality and hospitality. In the religious rite of communion, believers “eat the flesh” of God in the form of bread.

Ceremony and ritual

They exist not only in the sphere of religion, as one might think. Symbolic actions permeate all areas of human culture.

Ceremony- a sequence of actions that have symbolic meaning and are dedicated to marking (celebrating) any events or dates. The function of these actions is to emphasize the special value of the events being celebrated for the society or group. A coronation is a prime example of a ceremony that is important to society.

Ritual- a highly stylized and carefully planned set of gestures and words, performed by persons specially selected and trained for this purpose. The ritual is endowed with symbolic meaning. It is intended to dramatize this event and evoke awe in those present. An example of a ritual is making a sacrifice to a pagan god.

Most rituals break down into their component parts and elements. Thus, an obligatory part of the aircraft takeoff ritual is waiting for the command “Takeoff is cleared.”

The farewell ritual includes the following: sit on the path, hug, cry, wish a safe journey, do not sweep the floor for three days, etc. The ritual of submitting a scientific dissertation is a complex set of elements.

The history of many rituals goes back to ancient times. For example, no one knows where and when the ritual of “fire dancing” first arose (only written mentions of it, made in the 1st century BC, remain). People can walk on fire and even dance barefoot on all continents. This is done, in particular, by the North American Indians of the Navajo tribe, the peasants of Sri Lanka and Muslims in India, the inhabitants of Landagas (Greece), the shamans of the Chinese Lolo tribe, and the Bulgarians. In Rus', people did not walk on hot coals, but during the celebration of the arrival of spring, young peasants jumped through the high flames of a large fire.

According to K. Lorenz, the ritual has a cultural origin and fulfills three Features: prohibition of fighting between group members; keeping them in a closed community; delimitation of this community from other groups. The ritual deters aggression and unites the group. The accumulation of aggression is all the more dangerous the better the members of a given group know each other, the more they understand and love each other. Sometimes we respond to minor gestures from our best friend, whether he coughs or blows his nose, as if we had been hit by a drunken hooligan. Human culture is entirely based on ritual. Non-ritualized actions such as picking, scratching, sneezing, spitting, etc. there is very little left in it. They are called uncivil actions.

The rigidity of traditional ritual and the persistence with which we adhere to it are necessary for society. But every person needs them too. After all, adherence to rituals and cultural patterns requires control on the part of our consciousness and will, and insistent control over our behavior further develops the sphere of morality and morality.

Manners and prohibitions

Morals are a type of custom. Manners- these are especially significant and highly respected customs for the group that have moral significance.

Mores reflect the moral values ​​of society; violation of them is punished more severely than violation of traditions. From the word “mores” comes “morality” - ethical standards, spiritual principles that determine the most important aspects of the life of society. Latin moralis means "moral". Mores are customs that have moral significance. This category includes those forms of human behavior that exist in a given society and can be subjected to moral assessment. In ancient Rome, this concept meant “the most respected and sanctified customs.” In many societies, it is considered immoral to walk the streets naked (although it is allowed to do this at home), insult elders, beat a woman, offend the weak, mock the disabled, etc.

A special form of morals are special prohibitions, which are called taboo. This Polynesian word denotes a system of prohibitions on performing certain actions (using any objects, pronouncing words), the violation of which in primitive society was punishable by supernatural forces.

Taboo- an absolute prohibition imposed on any action, word, object. It regulated the most important aspects of human life: it ensured compliance with marriage norms, protected from dangers associated

in particular, with touching a corpse. Taboo(the process of imposing taboos) was widespread in archaic societies, but taboos have not disappeared in modern cultures.

Taboos served as the basis for many later social and religious norms. In modern society, certain aspects are subject to taboo: consanguineous relationships - the ban on incest (incest); food process - a ban on cannibalism, a ban on eating pork among Jews and Muslims. Desecration of graves or insulting feelings of patriotism are taboo. Taboo is the strongest type of social prohibition existing in human society, the violation of which is punished especially harshly.

Fashion and hobbies

A person learns traditions and customs regardless of his will and desires. There is no freedom of choice here. On the contrary, such elements of culture as tastes, hobbies and fashion indicate a person’s free choice.

Taste- an inclination or predilection for something, most often a feeling or understanding of the graceful. Taste in clothing shapes individual style,

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Prohibitions on food and drink

They exist in different religions. In Orthodoxy, the principle of Christian freedom is observed in matters of food intake. Christ freed people from the obligation to observe the requirements of the Mosaic Law, set out in the Old Testament, in food and drink.

And yet some prohibitions exist: you cannot eat strangled animals and blood (i.e. meat containing blood), for “blood is the soul.” You cannot indulge in excesses in food and drunkenness, for “drunkards will not inherit the kingdom of God.” Orthodox Christians have a special diet during fasting. God-obedient Jews eat kosher food, i.e. ritual, prepared according to special rules. It is divided into several categories - vegetable, fish and meat. However, fish food is not considered kosher if the fish does not have scales. Meat food is considered kosher if the animal has no wounds. Orthodox Jews do not eat meat with blood. In addition, Jews can only eat animals with cloven hooves and regurgitation. They do not eat meat food after dairy food for six hours, but they can eat dairy food after meat food, but after rinsing their mouth first. The most detailed rules regarding food are developed in Islam. In addition to direct prohibitions, there are also indirect ones, meaning censure or disapproval. Eating pork is absolutely prohibited. Such a ban existed in Ancient Egypt, among the Jews, and then among the early Christians. The reason is that pork spoils faster in hot climates and

There are more chances to be poisoned by this meat than by lamb or beef. Islam strictly prohibits the consumption of alcohol. Even being present at a drunken feast is considered a sin for a Muslim. The appearance of the ban on alcohol is not accidental. Drunkenness interfered with the fulfillment of religious orders. For a devout Muslim it is considered

It is a sin to miss at least one of the five obligatory daily prayers. It is condemned, although not prohibited, to eat mule meat. Historians explain this relaxation by the fact that the Turkic peoples, whose menu traditionally included horse meat, joined Islam. It is allowed to eat fish. Sharia - the Muslim code of laws and rules - separately stipulates which parts of the body of animals cannot be eaten: blood, genitals, uterus, tonsils, spinal cord, gall bladder, etc. Finally, the meat of even “edible” animals becomes forbidden if the animal is not slaughtered according to Sharia rules. Abridged by source: AiF. 1994. No. 9.

manner of dressing. Taste is individual, so it shows how much a person has deviated from generally accepted norms, average standards.

Enthusiasm- short-term emotional addiction. Each generation has its own hobbies: tight trousers, jazz music, wide ties, etc.

Fashion- a change in hobbies that have taken hold of large groups.

fashion also understood as the quickly passing popularity of something or someone. Usually these are some minor standards - in clothing, nutrition, behavior, etc. If a person’s taste can remain throughout his life, then hobbies are constantly changing. When hobbies take hold of the masses, they develop into fashion. A taste for twists, short skirts or flying saucers can be called both fashion and hobby. Unlike fads, fashion expresses social symbols. Having fashionable slacks is considered prestigious not because they are beautiful, but because slacks are a symbol of popular culture. Fashionable items are more expensive than ordinary clothes, and their purchase is regarded as success. Fashion trends are more characteristic of an urban environment, where a person’s status and prestige depend not so much on hard work or character, but on lifestyle, level of well-being, and manner of dressing.

If customs and mores are stable and long-term social norms, then fashion and hobbies are among the unstable and short-term patterns of behavior. Fashion - periodic changes in patterns of mass behavior: in clothing, musical tastes, architecture, art, speech behavior. Custom is oriented toward tradition, while fashion is oriented toward modernity, renewal, and innovation.

Fashion is not characteristic of primitive societies, but becomes common in complex, industrial societies. It could not be found in a caste society. In a class society, fashion was limited to a circle of aristocrats; in a class society, it subjugated the masses of people. The so-called mass, or flow, production, when standardized and cheap products are manufactured, is such because it satisfies

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Versailles fashion

From the middle XVII V. The French court of King Louis XIV became the trendsetter. This was the heyday of the absolute monarchy in France. Its manifestation in fashion was the fashion of the nobility and royalty, a continuation of Spanish fashion, adapted to the tastes of the French. Strict geometry was replaced by bright tones and colors, complex cut. From that time on, French taste and fashion conquered all of Europe and did not cease to dominate it for centuries. Baroque fashion introduced new materials and decorations; silk and lace replaced velvet. The clothes became very picturesque. The freely flowing dress embodied fantasy, and with it the desire for eccentricity and luxury. The nobles wore camisoles made of brocade and decorated with gold

ribbons, vests, tight knee-length trousers, silk stockings. Near 1640 wigs with curled curls appeared. The king was the trendsetter. Louis XIV loved extravagant clothes, wore shoes decorated with 40 cm wide ribbons. The king's favorites were allowed to wear a blue cloak with a red lining, embroidered with gold.

meets the needs of the broad mass of consumers. With mass production, mass art and its element, fashion, came to modern society.

Fashion has the ability to come quickly and disappear quickly. The cycle of changing people's tastes and preferences is very short - several years. Often, at a new stage, something that once existed returns. The cycle of returning the old lasts 20-30 years. For example, in the 1980s. among young people, torn jeans and scarves on the forehead were in fashion; This is how hippies dressed back in the 1960s. Twist, neck, tight trousers, sleeveless dresses, fire-in-the-jungle ties, walks near bodies of water and cultural conversations (about nature, weather, music, books) became fashionable among teenagers. The culture of the 1960s and 1970s has returned to everyday life, i.e. the clothes, manners, music and spirit of their parents' generation. Teenagers of the “new wave” began to be called fans of their parents’ childhood (hipsters).

Not all segments of human behavior are subject to fashion and hobbies. Religious activities, political activities, and family life are regulated to a greater extent by customs and traditions and to a lesser extent by fashion and hobbies.

Flavors determined by the climatic and geographical conditions in which the people live. Thus, among the landlocked Zulus and Mongols, fish has never been a fashionable delicacy, and in Oceania they rarely eat meat. The main product (mass fashion) here is fish, but the residents lack protein and even eat insects.

However, with all the diversity of human tastes, there is one product that is consumed by all peoples - bread. Until the Middle Ages, most of the civilized world used unleavened flatbread as bread. It was only at the very beginning of the Middle Ages that flatbreads in Europe were replaced by bread made from fermented dough. Yeast appeared in Egypt 3.5 thousand years ago, but at first yeast bread was available only to a select few. The experience of his baking was borrowed from Egypt in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, where the baker was elevated above other artisans. When people mastered the technology of baking cheap bread, it became a fashionable product available to the general public.

Values

Culture, like society, rests on a value system. Values- socially approved and shared by most people ideas about what goodness, justice, patriotism, romantic love, friendship, etc. are. Values ​​are not questioned; they serve as a standard and ideal for all people. If fidelity is considered a value, then deviation from it is condemned as betrayal. If cleanliness is a value, then sloppiness and uncleanliness are condemned as indecent behavior.

No society can survive without values. Individuals can choose whether to share these or other values. Some are committed to the values ​​of collectivism, while others are committed to the values ​​of individualism. For some, the highest value may be money, for others - moral integrity, for others - a political career. To describe what values ​​people are guided by, sociologists introduced the term "value orientations". They describe individual attitudes or the choice of specific values ​​as a norm of behavior.

So, values ​​belong to the group or society, value orientations belong to the individual. Values ​​are beliefs shared by many people about goals to strive for.

The honor and dignity of the family has been one of the most important values ​​of the human community since ancient times. By showing concern for his family, a man thereby demonstrates his strength, courage, virtue and everything that is highly valued by others. He chose highly respected values ​​to guide his behavior. They became his cultural norm, and the psychological attitude toward their observance became his value orientation. By studying the value orientations of modern Russians using a survey method, sociologists can find out: a) what specific values ​​they prefer to be guided by at work and at home; b) how the social ideals behind private orientations are understood, correctly or incorrectly.

Even the simplest norms of behavior represent what is valued by a group or society. Cultural norms and values ​​are closely interrelated. The difference between a norm and a value is expressed as follows:

♦ norms - rules of behavior;

♦ values ​​- abstract concepts of what is good and evil, right and wrong, due and improper

The basis of the eastern culture of Japan and China is filial piety(Chinese: xiao). It includes such officially recognized duties as respect for parents, unquestioning obedience to them, and the duty to take care of one’s father and mother throughout one’s life. Compliance with this cultural standard alone has so restructured social relations in society that the Chinese people today are perhaps superior to all others in terms of parts of respect for elders.

Values ​​have a common basis with norms. Even common habits of personal hygiene (washing your face, brushing your teeth, blowing your nose into a handkerchief, ironing your trousers) in a broad sense act as values ​​and are translated by society into the language of regulations.

Prescriptions- is a prohibition or permission to do something, addressed to an individual or group and expressed in any form (oral or written, formal or informal).

Values is what justifies and gives meaning to norms. Human life is a value, and its protection is the norm. A child is a social value, the responsibility of parents to take care of him in every possible way is a social norm. Some norms are obvious, perceived at the level of common sense, and we implement them without thinking. Others require tension and serious moral choices. Giving your seat to older people and saying hello when meeting people you know seems obvious. However, staying with a sick mother or going to fight for the liberation of the Motherland (the hero of one of J.P. Sartre’s plays was faced with such a dilemma) is a choice between two fundamental moral values.

Thus, in a society, some values ​​can come into conflict with others when both are equally recognized as inalienable norms of behavior. Not only norms of the same type come into conflict, but also different types, for example, religious and patriotic: a believer who sacredly observes the norm “thou shalt not kill” is asked to go to the front and kill enemies.

People have learned to resolve value conflicts (in whole or in part, real or illusory) in various ways. For example, the Orthodox

vie and Catholicism do not give hope of salvation to a person who has unjustly acquired wealth: “let no rich man enter the kingdom of God.” To atone for the sin of money-grubbing, Russian merchants donated huge amounts of money for the construction of churches and shelters for the poor. In Western Europe they found a more radical solution - Protestantism justified wealth. True, Protestantism only justifies what it has acquired through tireless personal labor. Therefore, the Protestant ethic has served humanity a great service, ultimately becoming a teaching not justifying wealth, but calling for diligent work.

Rice. 34. To atone for the sin of money-grubbing, Russian merchants donated huge amounts of money

for the construction of temples

Values ​​are generally accepted beliefs about the goals to which a person should strive. They form the basis of moral principles. In Christian morality, the Ten Commandments include the preservation of human life (“thou shalt not kill”), marital fidelity (“thou shalt not commit adultery”), and respect for parents (“honor thy father and thy mother”).

Different cultures may give preference to different values ​​(heroism on the battlefield, material enrichment, asceticism). Each society has the right to determine for itself what is a value and what is not. For example, the traditional values ​​of American culture include personal success, activity and hard work, efficiency and usefulness, progress, things as a sign of well-being, and respect for science. Russian culture has always valued not individualism, but collectivism, which is sometimes respectfully called conciliarity, non-personal success, but the public good, not profit and utilitarianism, but compassion and mercy. At the same time, values ​​such as hard work and respect for science are highly valued not only in American culture, but also in Russian. What other similarities and differences can you find? Ponder this.

It’s hard to imagine a strong family without joint picnics, dinners, and holidays. All this constitutes family traditions. Even if you think that there are none in your family, then most likely you simply do not notice them. After all, even the manner of communication or the way to wish good night can be attributed to traditions.

What are family traditions

According to the explanatory dictionary, family traditions are norms, customs, belief systems and behavior adopted in the family that are passed on from generation to generation. These are the standards that the child will transfer to his future family and pass on to his children. Traditions are very important: they give a sense of cohesion and unity, and also contribute to the cultural enrichment of each family member.

What are they like?

There are many examples of family traditions, and they are all conditionally divided into two groups: general and special. In the first case we are talking about the customs presented below.

• Birthday celebrations family members, memorable dates and other celebrations.
• Household duties, for example, cleaning or cooking. By involving children in solving everyday issues, parents instill in them a sense of responsibility and instill in them a sense of the importance of being a member of the family.
• Cooperative games. Both adults and children take part in them. Very often such entertainment involves trips to nature or a trip to the park. In addition to physical activity, which is especially necessary for children, playing together strengthens relationships between household members.
• Family dinner. This tradition is considered one of the most ancient. Hundreds of years ago, families gathered together at one table. The household ate food and discussed the events of the day.
• Advice. This is a meeting of family members at which financial issues are discussed, plans are discussed and decisions that are fateful for each are made. It is very important to involve children in the council so that they do not feel excluded and learn responsibility.

Special traditions are unique customs that are found in each specific family. This could be the habit of preparing special dishes for the holidays, permission to sleep on Sunday before lunch, the tradition of watching movies together in cinemas, or visiting a cafe or restaurant on a certain day of the week.

Father and son can have a good time fishing together at night. Such an outing often marks the boy's first night away from his bed. Traditionally male entertainment also includes attending sports competitions or participating in them together, teaching a son to drive a car, and practicing shooting, including with a bow or crossbow. Father and son often come up with a secret handshake that they hide from their mother and sisters.

Mom and daughter will have a great time shopping together. The choice of cosmetics, clothes, shoes and accessories is something that even the youngest ladies are interested in. Also, the mother could teach her daughter the basics of style and the rules of using cosmetics. This often happens in a playful way. Another tradition is cooking together. Here you can give free rein to your imagination: bake cookies in the shape of animals, use non-standard ingredients or dyes.

The most common tradition for all family members is celebrating birthdays. A significant date can be celebrated with a joint trip to nature or to an amusement park. An excellent solution would be to complete a quest, the reward for which will be a gift for the birthday boy. Another popular custom is the time capsule. The frequency can be any, but it is better to dig it up no more than once a year. You can also make gifts together for family friends or neighbors, and then discreetly place them on the recipients.

How to create a tradition

To create a custom in a family, only two things are needed: your desire and the consent of the household. Remember the interests of each family member and find something in common. Once you have thought through the concept of tradition, discuss it with everyone. It is important that everyone is interested. Do not come up with several customs at once, do not schedule them for every day of the week. Such pressure will only scare away household members from your venture.

You will be able to create a tradition that your household will follow for years, and your children may carry it into future families.

Try to do everything perfectly the first time so that you and your loved ones have only positive emotions. In this case, they will want to repeat the activity again. After spending the first time together, ask the participants if they liked the innovation and if they have any ideas. By working together, you can create a tradition that your household will follow for years, and that your children may carry it into their future families.

Sometimes conflicts arise between newlyweds based on customs. For example, it is customary for the wife’s family to celebrate the New Year in a narrow circle, while the husband’s parents gathered even the most distant relatives at one table. To get out of such problems, look for a compromise. Invite your significant other to celebrate several holidays with your family, and celebrate the rest with his relatives. An excellent solution would be to invite the spouses' parents to common holidays. Try to resolve conflicts calmly, without shouting: this way you will set positive examples for children. How they will build relationships in their families depends on your behavior.

Family traditions in Russia

Since ancient times, children in Russian families were taught to cherish the memory of close relatives. This rule was instilled in both nobles and commoners. With the invention of the camera, many began to keep family albums. Nowadays, images are often stored in cloud resources or on computer hard drives. Another native Russian tradition is the veneration of parents and older relatives both during life and after their death.

Very often, fathers and mothers pass on jewelry, dishes, and objects of special meaning to their children. Sometimes young girls get married in their mothers' wedding dresses. Another popular tradition is to name children after someone in the family. It is customary to pass on professions by gender. In Rus' there were dynasties of bakers, blacksmiths, priests, and shoemakers. The father taught his son to work from an early age, and after the death of his parent, the child inherited the craft.

Many traditions are associated with religion. This includes the wedding of the newlyweds in church, the choice of a name for the child, and his baptism. Such customs were considered sacred and had a sacred meaning.

Family traditions around the world

In Britain it is not customary to give vent to feelings, especially when it comes to raising children. They are raised in strictness and taught to control their emotions. At first glance it may seem that the British love their children less, but this is not so. They just express their love differently. In Asian countries, young children are considered a real treasure. Until the age of 5–6 years, they are allowed to do whatever they want and are not punished for pranks.

In Germany, Iceland and Scandinavian countries, it is not customary to rush into marriage. People can live together for 10–15 years and only after that formalize the relationship. In Western families, women are increasingly taking charge of financial matters. She is building a career or running a business, and at this time the children are being raised by their father or nanny.

The above examples of family traditions are very conventional and general. You can use them or come up with something new and interesting for all members of your family.

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Each family has its own indescribable atmosphere of love, understanding and warmth. Children born into families adopt this atmosphere. How does it arise? A similar halo in the family is created by family traditions, customs or laws of family leisure. Often such laws take their roots from the family foundations of previous generations - they are strong and unshakable. Thanks to them, a feeling of reliability of family relationships is created, a strong bond arises between family members, close and trusting relationships are maintained, and children feel the stability of the family.

What are family traditions: examples

Family traditions are regularly repeated actions of family members aimed at consolidating intra-family ties and strengthening the family as the main basis of society. Traditions are an indispensable attribute of family happiness and well-being, reflecting the moral position of all family members. Each family is individual and has its own history. Family customs allow all members to feel their importance, devote time and attention to their relatives, and show respect and love to them.

Examples of traditions: spending holidays together, themed dinners on weekends, family vacations, reading stories to children before bed or singing lullabies, going to church on Sundays or religious holidays, children writing letters to Santa Claus for the New Year, family baking Easter cakes, sharing meals and many others. Watch a video about the family customs of famous people:

What are family traditions and holidays?

• Carrying out family holidays. This tradition has its roots in the distant past - for centuries it has been customary to spend holidays in the family circle with family and loved ones. The main such holiday should be called birthday. In most families, it is customary on this day to invite guests to the house, set the festive table, give gifts to the birthday person and certainly blow out the candles on the birthday cake, making a wish. Family holidays include weddings, births of children, baptisms, etc.

• Holding national holidays. These include everyone’s favorite holiday – New Year. Most families practice the custom of spending it together at a large table, with the traditional Olivier salad and champagne. Children write letters to Santa Claus asking for the gifts they want. Many families celebrate Easter by baking Easter cakes and lighting them in church. Among the national holidays, World Workers' Day is traditionally celebrated on May 1. On this holiday, most families go on a picnic and cook meat dishes on the grill.

• Games with children. It is important that both parents take part in raising the child and play with him. During games, a child learns about the world, acquires new skills, and improves his physical and intellectual level. For example, according to custom, a mother teaches her child to play chess every Saturday, and a father plays football with his son on Sundays. Children love stability, so try not to break established customs.

• Reading fairy tales before bed. This is the most important tradition when raising children, because fairy tales allow a child to develop imagination and understand the world. In addition, daily reading of fairy tales before bedtime develops a certain bedtime routine for the child. Even if the child is too small to understand the meaning of what is read, the calm and measured voice of mom or dad will have a calming effect on him. This evening ritual will calm even the most active children, promoting good sound sleep.

• Walks with the whole family. To develop a child’s physical abilities and maintain their own, it is important to take walks together. During such a walk, you need to communicate and you can look at the sights. In order to instill spiritual values, it is advisable for the whole family to visit cinemas, theaters, museums, and exhibitions. Such trips can broaden your horizons and improve the cultural level of the family as a whole.

• The tradition of kissing. To create an atmosphere of love, it is important to kiss your family and friends more often. It is advisable to kiss children at least twice a day - in the morning when they wake up, in the evening - before going to bed. More frequent kisses and hugs are welcome, even with an adult child, because with a lack of affection, children grow up callous. It is also important to wish all your family good night before going to bed at night and good morning when you wake up.
• Joint trips on vacation. Do not underestimate this type of leisure, because most psychologists recommend regularly changing the environment to maintain good relationships. The main thing is to visit new cities and countries together, to escape from routine and everyday life, and to expand your horizons.

• Orthodox traditions. These include attending church together on Orthodox holidays or every Sunday, celebrating Christmas and Easter, fasting, baptizing children, reading the Bible, praying before bed, and regularly visiting deceased relatives.

What values ​​underlie family traditions?

Family traditions generate and instill in people important values: love for the family, respect for one’s relatives, care for loved ones, a correct understanding of the family and its role in life. Failure to comply with family customs and foundations can lead to a weakening of ties between its members and to the destruction of family ties. Even a unit of society in which love reigns cannot exist without certain important and pleasant customs, for example, joint leisure.

Traditions strengthen children's sense of gratitude towards their parents and grandparents, instilling respect for the older generation. Customs give spouses a feeling of inviolability and stability of family relationships. L.N. Tolstoy said: “Happy is he who is happy at home.” A person living in a family that honors traditions will certainly be surrounded by care, love, warmth and tenderness. For such a person, family well-being will certainly be transferred to other areas of life.

Family traditions of different countries and peoples of the world

Each nation has its own special traditions relating to all areas of life, and this is especially true for the family. This is due, first of all, to the fact that each people or country has its own special geography, location, climate, history, unique culture, and adheres to different religions. All these factors influence the formation of cultural and family customs. Family traditions, in turn, shape the worldview and attitude to life. Such family structures have existed for centuries, practically unchanged, passing from older family members to younger ones.

Family cultural traditions in Russia, history and modernity

If we turn to history, it will become obvious that there are many traditions in Rus'. For a long time, the main family custom in Russia was genealogy - in past times it was considered indecent not to know one’s family, and the expression “Ivan, who does not remember kinship” was an insult. An integral part of the family structure was the compilation of a pedigree or family tree. Also known are such traditions of the Russian people as transferring valuable things from generation to generation and naming a child in honor of one of the respected ancestors.

In modern Russia, the importance of family customs has been somewhat lost. For example, nowadays you rarely see a family maintaining its own genealogy. Often, the memory of generations comes down to an album with photographs. But such wonderful traditions as eating together and holding joint holidays have been preserved. Family customs and traditions in the Kuban still imply Cossack life and raising children in the spirit of the Cossack family.

Traditions in Germany

There is a stereotype that Germans are extremely pedantic. The Germans have the strictest traditions regarding the family:

• It is customary to treat your home with the utmost care, carefully cleaning it and making it beautiful;
• It is not customary to leave grandchildren to be raised by their grandparents - for this it is necessary to determine a sum of money for them;
• parents in old age do not live with their children - they are looked after by nurses or they live in special boarding houses;
• At Christmas, it is customary for the whole family to gather at the parental home;
• Germans are prudent and thrifty, so they have a tradition of saving for old age, during which they usually travel a lot around the world.

In England

For the British, traditions are the three pillars on which the Earth rests, so they honor them with special reverence. Who doesn't know about the notorious English custom of drinking tea? Family gatherings and discussions are always held over a cup of real Earl Gray with milk. The British are Catholics, so they especially celebrate Christmas and Thanksgiving, gathering with the whole family and preparing traditional dishes. The custom of giving children a good education must be called a wonderful tradition among the British. It is considered bad manners not to send a child to study at a private boarding school or college.

In France

In France, it is a widespread custom to gather at a common table on Sundays, drink wine and have a meal. Among the holidays, the French like to celebrate Christmas, gathering at their parents' house. The festive banquet necessarily includes such delicacies as foie gras, salmon, seafood, Iscariot snails and noble cheeses. The traditional drink at Christmas is champagne, and the dessert is a “Christmas log.”

In India

India is a country of strict family customs and traditions. Indian society is divided into social castes, so they approach the issue of marriage in an extremely unusual way. The father of the family must himself choose the future groom for his daughter; she was given in marriage only to a representative of her social caste. A lavish wedding celebration is more of an obligation than a desire. The bride traditionally had to provide a dowry. Divorce and remarriage were previously prohibited in India.

Indian family life is greatly influenced by Buddhist traditions. According to them, a man must:

• Show respect to your spouse.
• Don't change.
• Provide for the family.
• Teach children a craft.
• Select a suitable pair for children.

A woman should:

• Respect your husband.
• To raise children.
• Carry out all household duties.
• Don't cheat on your husband.
• Fulfill all the wishes of your spouse.

Tatar traditions

Tatars are Muslims, so family structures are based on Sharia and the Koran. Among the Tatars, starting a family is considered a necessity dictated by religion. It is interesting that after marriage, the husband receives full power over his wife, and the wife is dependent on him - she does not even have the right to leave the house without the consent of her husband. Divorce among Tatars occurs extremely rarely, solely on the initiative of the husband. It is customary for the wife to raise children, but they are obliged to show complete obedience to their father.

What family traditions are important in raising children?

Family customs play a vital role in raising children. It is extremely difficult to instill traditions in an adult, so their transmission from generation to generation from parents to children is a common occurrence. Children perceive the world the way their parents do, therefore, the child’s perception of the family as the main element of his life, as well as determining its place in the value system, depends on pleasant family customs.

The traditions of family reading before bed, singing lullabies, kisses at every meeting, shared dinners, and walks will be useful. They define in the child the concept of stability, the inviolability of family structures, give a feeling of cohesion, and make children more gentle and affectionate. It is also important to instill from childhood the custom of respecting and honoring your ancestors by regularly visiting them on holidays.

Proverbs and poems about family traditions

There are many instructive proverbs about family customs and traditions:

• “What good is treasure when there is harmony in the family.”
• “Children are not a burden, but a joy.”
• “It’s warm in the sun, good in mother’s presence.”
• “Not the mother who gave birth, but the one who raised.”
• “A family is strong when there is only one roof over it.”
• “The whole family is together, and the soul is in the same place.”
• “A tree is held together by its roots, and a person is held together by its family.”
• “If I have granddaughters, I know fairy tales.”
• “Don’t hide your failures from your parents.”
• “Honor your parents - you will not go astray.”
• “In a family where they help each other, troubles are not terrible.”

For poems about family and traditions, see the photo below:

Family traditions are one of the most important aspects of everyone’s life, which is why it is so important to cultivate and support them in every possible way. Family life without traditions would be boring. It’s wonderful when young families make their own, relying on the experience of their parents’ family life, adding their own personal moments to them. The main goal is to get closer to other family members, build a strong, reliable family, and also enjoy communication with loved ones. Be happy!

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Family holidays and traditions are the way and lifestyle of a family. These include respect for elders, mutual assistance, discussion of books and new films, Sunday lunches, hiking and much more. Good family traditions have a positive effect on children and shape their life ideas. They also dictate the behavior of children and give the family a sense of unity with sisters, brothers, and parents.

When a child gets used to family holidays and traditions from childhood, he develops a positive attitude towards the future. For example, a child happily looks forward to Sunday fishing or a trip to the country, to a museum, theater, prepares for the wedding anniversary of his grandparents, happily awaits the gathering of all relatives for a festive dinner, and at night before bed looks forward to reading fairy tales and kissing. Such children grow up to be positive and sociable people. Such optimists have a great chance to achieve a lot in life.

It is necessary to form traditions when you start a family, and with the birth of children, it is necessary to develop them.

Remember, that:

• all family members should enjoy traditions and holidays;
• traditions must be systematic;
• traditions should be memorable and pleasing;
• create traditions with joy and love, and not to establish rigid rules.

What traditions are there?

Family reading

A long-lost tradition is family reading. Previously, during this beautiful tradition, all family members listened to the one who recited out loud. Today children prefer to watch cartoons and play computer games. They don't really like to read. Therefore, it is necessary to unobtrusively set an example and instill a love of reading. When children are small, you can read ordinary literature, and for schoolchildren it is useful to read the classics.

Traditions in family education

A family is considered strong and friendly if all members of the household have a common point of view on important issues. For example, intelligent families put knowledge first and therefore broaden the horizons of their children. In upbringing, such customs and traditions as respect for elders, helping those in need, keeping the house clean, teaching the child to tell the truth and not to lie are important.

"Hugs in the Family"

To ensure that children grow up calm and confident in their abilities, psychologists recommend that parents hug their babies more often. In adolescence, children are already burdened by the “calf tenderness” of their mother and sister. Therefore, hugs need to be turned into a tradition so that they become another source of support and inner strength. If instead of affection you hug and say that you are all together, children will become accustomed to such manifestations.

"Secret Handshake"

A handshake with family members is very important than a sign that you are, for example, “from the Sokolov family.” This is tangible evidence of the warmth and support of the household. Placing your fingers in a special way, shaking your hands several times, clapping your palms - all these are examples of a secret handshake that gives confidence in a responsible step when parental closeness is very important. This could be when receiving a diploma, at a wedding ceremony, or during difficult life moments.

"Eating together"

Eating together is a very good tradition. Today, for whatever reason, you don’t always have the opportunity to organize all meals together with your family. But try to eat together once a day. Decide for yourself what time to eat will be convenient: breakfast, lunch or dinner. Be sure to make sure that there is no TV or mobile phones, but that there is a nice and friendly atmosphere at the table.

Before eating, practice the following good habits:

• wash your hands before eating;
• dress neatly for the table;
• look after your grandparents at the table;
• observe the norms of behavior;
• Help your mom clean the table.

Children imitate adults. While eating, talk about good things, discuss interesting news and share impressions that happened during the day.

Reading bedtime stories

One of the wonderful traditions for a child’s development is reading bedtime stories every night. Such children, whose parents have spoiled them with reading, study successfully and make friends very quickly. Select fairy-tale characters by age. Sit on your baby's bed and read.

The development of attention, calming the nervous system and instilling peace in the hearts of little ones occurs during listening.

"Walk in the Evening"

Everyone needs to consolidate this tradition in their habits. By walking before bed, you throw away all your problems, talk about interesting and positive topics and get ready for bed. This healthy habit must be cultivated in infancy. An evening walk is the key to a good and restful sleep.

"Breakfast for Sunday"

A wonderful tradition on Sunday is a table covered with a beautiful tablecloth with elegant dishes and dishes that the family loves to eat. At Sunday breakfasts, many children, and adults too, wait for long-awaited news, important and interesting decisions. So, organize such breakfasts more often on weekends.

"Sports Day"

Designate a day on the weekend when the children will play sports: be it football, volleyball or tennis. It will be easier for children to determine what kind of sport they want if their parents regularly practiced with them since childhood. The kids, instead of wandering aimlessly on the street, will look forward to the weekend to play their favorite sport.

"Shopping Trip"

Shopping for a whole week is not very easy, so mom needs helpers, and she can involve all the household members in this. This help will benefit the children. They will participate in menu selection, housekeeping and budget calculations. If a child has his own money, adults can help him with his choice, but you should not put pressure on him, since the choice is free and it is your son or daughter’s.

"Visiting interesting places"

The tradition of hiking in your native places or watching the sunrise, starfall or eclipse will be very interesting not only for children, but also for adults. Attending holidays, organizing folk festivals or participating in fairs will also be unforgettable.

"Small Holidays"

You can organize small holidays that determine the future of your daughter, brother or parents. Let it be winning an Olympiad, successfully passing exams or getting a job. Get together and celebrate this occasion with your whole family.

Tip: For actions to become a tradition, they must be repeated on a systematic basis. It often happens that due to troubles at work, fatigue or stress, you forget about the decision you made. Therefore, every effort must be made to clearly establish traditions and maintain them for many years.

We invite you to watch a video on this topic. Let there always be fun, joy and laughter in your family!