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Many chemicals are powerful enough to destroy tissue in the human body. Concentrated acids and alkalis have the greatest destructive potential. When the human body is exposed to acids and alkalis, chemical burns occur. First aid for chemical burns includes generously washing the burn site with running water to remove the aggressive substance, and applying a sterile bandage to the burn site. If the chemical was swallowed or got into the eyes, then in addition to washing the stomach or eyes, you should call an ambulance.

– this is tissue damage that occurs under the influence of acids, alkalis, salts of heavy metals, caustic liquids and other chemically active substances. Chemical burns occur as a result of industrial injuries, safety violations, domestic accidents, as a result of suicide attempts, etc. The depth and severity of a chemical burn depends on:

• strength and mechanism of action of a chemical substance
• quantity and concentration of the chemical
• duration of exposure and degree of penetration of the chemical

Based on the severity and depth of tissue damage, burns are divided into 4 degrees:

1. I degree (damage to the epidermis, the upper layer of skin). With a first-degree burn, there is slight redness, swelling and slight tenderness in the affected area of ​​the skin.
2. II degree (damage to deeper layers of skin). A second-degree burn is characterized by the appearance of blisters with transparent contents on reddened and swollen skin.
3. III degree (damage to the deeper layers of the skin down to the subcutaneous adipose tissue) is characterized by the appearance of blisters filled with cloudy liquid or bloody contents, and impaired sensitivity (the burn area is painless).
4. IV degree burn (damage to all tissues: skin, muscles, tendons, even bones).

Most often, chemical skin burns are III and IV degree burns.

In case of burns with acids and alkalis, a scab (crust) forms at the burn site. The scab formed after alkali burns is whitish, soft, loose, spreading to adjacent tissues without sharp boundaries.
Alkaline liquids are more destructive than acidic ones due to their ability to penetrate deep into tissues.
With acid burns, the scab is usually dry and hard, with a sharply demarcated line where it transitions to healthy areas of the skin. Acid burns are usually superficial.
The color of the affected skin in a chemical burn depends on the type of chemical agent. Skin burned with sulfuric acid is initially white, and subsequently changes color to gray or brown. In case of a burn with nitric acid, the affected area of ​​the skin has a light yellow-green or yellow-brown tint. Hydrochloric acid leaves yellow burns, acetic acid leaves off-white burns, carbolic acid leaves white burns, which then turns brown.
A burn caused by concentrated hydrogen peroxide has a grayish tint.
The destruction of tissue under the influence of a chemical substance continues even after the cessation of direct contact with it, since the absorption of the chemical substance at the burned area continues for some time. Therefore, it is very difficult to determine the extent of tissue damage in the first hours or even days after injury. The true depth of the burn is usually revealed only 7-10 days after the chemical burn, when the scab begins to fester.
The severity and danger of a chemical burn depends not only on the depth, but also on its area. The larger the area of ​​the burn, the more dangerous it is to the life of the victim.

Providing first aid for chemical skin burns

First aid for chemical skin burns includes: prompt removal of the chemical from the affected surface, reducing the concentration of its residues on the skin by rinse with copious amounts of water, cooling the affected areas to reduce pain.

In case of a chemical burn to the skin, take the following measures:

• Immediately remove clothing or jewelry that has come in contact with chemicals.
• To treat the cause of the burn, rinse the chemicals from the surface of the skin by running the affected area under cold running water for at least 20 minutes. If help for a chemical burn is provided with some delay, the duration of washing is increased to 30-40 minutes.
• Do not try to remove chemicals with wipes or swabs soaked in water from the affected area of ​​the skin - this will cause you to rub the chemical into the skin even more.
• If the aggressive substance that caused the burn has a powdery structure (for example, lime), then you should first remove the remaining chemical substance and only then begin to wash the burned surface. The exception is when, due to the chemical nature of the agent, contact with water is contraindicated. For example, aluminum and its organic compounds ignite when combined with water.
• If the burning sensation intensifies after first washing the wound, rinse the burned area again with running water for a few more minutes.
• After washing a chemical burn, it is necessary to neutralize the effect of chemicals if possible. If you are burned by acid, wash the damaged area of ​​skin with soapy water or a 2 percent solution of baking soda (that's 1 teaspoon of baking soda to 2.5 cups of water) to neutralize the acid.
• If you are burned by alkali, wash the damaged area of ​​skin with a weak solution of citric acid or vinegar. For lime burns, a 20% sugar solution is used to neutralize.
• Carbolic acid is neutralized by glycerin and milk of lime.
• Apply a cool, damp cloth or towel to the affected area to relieve pain.
• Then cover the burned area with a loose bandage of a dry, sterile bandage or clean, dry cloth.

Minor chemical skin burns usually heal without further treatment.

For a chemical burn, seek emergency medical attention if:

• The victim has signs of shock (loss of consciousness, pallor, shallow breathing).
• The chemical burn has spread deeper than the first layer of skin and covers an area with a diameter of more than 7.5 cm.
• A chemical burn affects the eyes, arms, legs, face, groin area, buttocks or large joint, as well as the oral cavity and esophagus (if the victim drank a chemical substance).
• The victim experiences severe pain that cannot be relieved with over-the-counter analgesics such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.

When going to the emergency room, bring a container of the chemical or a detailed description of the chemical with you to identify it. The known nature of the chemical substance makes it possible, when providing care in a hospital, to neutralize it, which is usually difficult to do in domestic conditions.

Chemical burns to the eyes

Chemical burns to the eyes occur when acids, alkalis, lime, ammonia and other aggressive chemicals get into them in everyday or industrial conditions. All chemical eye burns are considered severe eye injuries and therefore require immediate examination and treatment by a physician.

The severity of eye burns depends on the chemical composition, concentration, quantity and temperature of the substance that caused the burn, on the condition of the victim’s eyes and the general reactivity of the body, as well as on the timeliness and quality of first aid to the victim. Regardless of the type of chemical, eye burns are usually accompanied by severe subjective sensations: photophobia, cutting pain in the eye and lacrimation, and in severe cases, loss of vision. At the same time, the skin around the eyes is affected.

First aid for chemical burns to the eye should be provided immediately. The main measure in providing first aid for chemical burns to the eyes is immediate and abundant rinsing of the eyes with running water. Open the eyelids and rinse the eye for 10-15 minutes with a gentle stream of running water to remove the chemical.

You should not waste time searching for a neutralizer, since abundantly washing your eyes with running water is much more effective. For burns caused by alkalis, milk can be used for rinsing. After rinsing, apply a dry bandage (a piece of bandage or gauze). But the most important thing - in all cases of chemical eye burns - consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Chemical burns of the esophagus and stomach

Chemical burns of the esophagus and stomach occur due to accidental or intentional (with suicidal intent) ingestion of concentrated acids (acetic essence, battery electrolyte) or alkalis (ammonia). The main symptoms of chemical burns of the digestive organs are severe pain in the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and stomach. If the upper part of the larynx is burned at the same time, patients begin to choke.

Vomiting appears with bloody mucus and fragments of burnt mucous membrane. Due to the rapid spread of the burn through the digestive tract, first aid should be provided as early as possible. First aid for chemical burns of the esophagus and stomach consists of neutralizing the chemical agents. For burns with alkalis, the stomach is washed with a weak solution of acetic acid, and for burns with acids - with a solution of baking soda. Be sure to rinse the stomach with large quantities of liquid, ensuring complete removal of the chemical agent that caused the burn. A victim with a burn to the esophagus or stomach should be sent to a medical center or hospital as soon as possible.

Chemical burns They are not as common as thermal ones, they usually happen in production, but, nevertheless, in everyday life you can also get damaged when handling hazardous substances. Almost any aggressive substances pose a danger - acids, alkalis, salts of heavy metals, etc. This type of burn is not like that common, but even more so you should know what first aid measures need to be taken in such cases so that danger does not take you by surprise.

Degrees of chemical burns

The damage caused depends primarily on quantities And concentrations spilled substance, depending on the damage, the following are distinguished: degrees:
I– the skin turns red, itching is possible. In such cases, as a rule, the body copes with the consequences on its own;
II– redness of the skin, the appearance of blisters. In this case, treatment will take longer; under no circumstances should the blisters be opened;
III– penetration to deep layers of tissue, the appearance of blisters with blood, loss sensitivity;
IV- the most severe degree of damage, in which the substance reaches the bones.

Chemical damage are characterized because even if you completely remove the substance, it continues to act because it has been absorbed into the cells. Accordingly, determining the degree of severity on site is difficult and is carried out no earlier than a week after the lesion.

First aid for chemical burns

1. first of all, it is necessary remove clothes and jewelry from a burned area;
2. burn site rinse under running water 20, and in more severe cases up to 40 minutes. Do not dry yourself with a towel or napkins. If affected by powder, first brush away the particles of the substance. In addition, one should take into account the fact that, for example, organic aluminum compounds ignite under the influence of water, so it is advisable to have an idea of ​​what exactly the victim was injured by;
3. use improvised means for neutralization For example, if damaged by acid, treat the area with soda or pour a soap solution on it. To neutralize alkali, use a weak solution of vinegar or citric acid. For lime burns, the skin should be treated with a sugar solution. Carbolic acid is neutralized by glycerin or milk of lime;
4. soak a cloth in cold water and apply to the affected area;
5. in severe cases, call an ambulance.

An ambulance should be called if:

• the victim has pale skin color, breathes shallowly, is in unconscious condition;
• the burn area is more than seven centimeters;
• with deep damage;
• if the substance gets on the limbs, face, groin area, large joints, buttock area, esophagus or oral cavity;
• for pain that cannot be relieved by simple painkillers.

When moving a patient to a hospital, it is necessary to take a sample of the substance with you.

If the affected person is pale, breathes shallowly, is unconscious, If the affected area is more than 7.5 cm, and also if not only the first layer of skin is affected, If the reagent gets on: legs, arms, eyes, face, groin, large joints, buttocks , into the esophagus or oral cavity (if the reagent is ingested), for acute pain that cannot be eliminated by conventional painkillers(ibuprofen, paracetamol). If the patient is taken to the hospital, be sure to take with you a bottle of the substance that caused the burn or its description. This will help doctors quickly neutralize the effect of this substance.

A chemical skin burn is damage to body tissues due to interaction with chemically aggressive substances and environments. In mild forms of burns, inflammation and swelling of tissues occur; in more complex forms, their integrity is damaged. The risk of getting a chemical burn increases in industrial conditions (in laboratories, workshops, preparation rooms, etc.). In everyday life, such situations arise much less frequently, but the risks still remain.

Risk factors for chemical skin burns

At home, household chemicals that are regularly used in everyday life can pose a danger:

• cleaning products for pipes and toilets;
• whitening preparations;
• pool cleaning products;
• gasoline and so on.

In industrial conditions, such drugs include salts of heavy metals, chemical reagents, acids, alkalis, aggressive chemical environments, etc.

Symptoms of chemical burns and their degrees

Symptoms of chemical burns depend on the degree and area of ​​tissue damage. In total, there are 4 degrees of severity of burns.

Grade 1 is characterized by damage to the upper layers of the dermis and is accompanied by redness of the skin, tissue swelling and pain on palpation.

Grade 2 is expressed by damage to the deeper layers of the dermis with the appearance of blisters filled with liquid exudate.

Grade 3 is caused by damage to the fatty layer of the dermis and connective tissue. Due to damage to nerve cells, the sensitivity of the tissue at the burn site decreases, the pain dulls, and the skin becomes whiter. The first signs of tissue necrosis appear.

Grade 4 is characterized by damage not only to soft tissues, but also to bones. Fourth degree burns are the most dangerous and very difficult to treat.

Providing first aid for chemical burns

In case of chemical damage to the skin, it is important to provide emergency assistance to the victim in a timely manner, since the favorable outcome of subsequent treatment depends on this. First aid measures for chemical burns are carried out according to the following approximate algorithm:

1. Remove the victim's clothing that has come into contact with the chemical.
2. Clean the skin from chemical residues (rinse with plenty of running water).
3. Clean the skin with a mild soap solution.
4. Apply a sterile napkin to the wound.
5. Seek medical help from specialists as soon as possible.

Treatment of chemical burns

Treatment methods for chemical burns depend on the degree of tissue damage and the area of ​​the burned surface. Mild burns (grade 1 and 2) can be treated at home using medications and folk remedies. Severe burns (3rd and 4th degrees) are treated in a hospital setting under the strict supervision of medical personnel.

Drug treatment chemical burns is aimed at healing wounds, removing swelling and redness of tissues, restoring the protective functions of the dermis and accelerating regenerative processes. For this purpose, ointments with a healing effect, antiseptic and antimicrobial drugs (to prevent infections in injured areas), hypertonic solutions, bactericidal ointments and fungicidal drugs are used.

Folk remedies for the treatment of chemical burns should cool and heal the skin. Raw potatoes, strong brewed black tea, cucumber juice, potato starch, etc. are effective.

Potato starch mask

1. Dilute 3-4 tablespoons of potato starch with warm water to the consistency of sour cream.
2. Apply a layer of half a centimeter to the affected skin.
3. Leave for 20 minutes.
4. Rinse off with cool water.

Tea compress

1. Brew 2-3 tablespoons of black tea in a teapot.
2. Leave and cool to room temperature (you can add ice cubes to the brew for faster cooling).
3. Soak clean gauze in the tea leaves and apply to the affected area.
4. Change compresses as the gauze warms from the skin.

Prevention

In order to prevent chemical burns at home and at work, attention should be paid to compliance with safety regulations. In everyday life, you should carefully handle household chemicals; in industry, you should conduct safety classes with employees, first aid drills, etc.

Surely you have a certain idea of ​​​​how to provide assistance for a household burn, meanwhile, not everyone knows what first aid is provided for chemical burns. It should be noted that this type of burn, due to the peculiarities of the effect of chemical components on the tissues of our body, in some cases is much more significant than the household burn we have already noted.

Before moving on to consider those features that are characteristic of chemical burns, we note that first aid for them, first of all, requires washing the affected area using ordinary running water - only it has the proper effect, allowing you to eliminate the aggressive component.

General features of a chemical burn

A chemical burn itself is tissue damage resulting from exposure to acids, heavy metal salts, alkalis and other types of active chemical components. Receiving such burns, as a rule, is a consequence of non-compliance with certain safety rules provided for working with these chemicals, as well as a consequence of domestic accidents, injuries in industrial conditions and suicide attempts. There are also a number of other factors that contribute to the development of chemical burns.

The depth of the resulting chemical burn, as well as the degree of its severity, is determined based on the factors listed below that characterize it in general:

• the degree of concentration of the chemical substance and its quantity;
• the strength and mechanism of action of the active chemical;
• the current degree of penetration of the chemical substance, the duration of its effect.

Degrees of chemical burns

In accordance with the listed factors characterizing a chemical burn, its degree is determined. In particular, there are four of them.

• I degree. Only the top layer of the skin is affected. Among the main manifestations that accompany this type of burn are slight swelling and redness of the skin. In addition, mild pain also occurs in the affected area.
• II degree. In this case, the lesion affects, in addition to the upper layer of the skin, its deeper layers. A burn of this degree is characterized by manifestations in the form of swelling and redness, in addition, bubbles filled with a transparent liquid also appear.
• III degree. Those layers of the skin that are located near the fatty subcutaneous tissue are affected. The characteristic features of a burn of this degree are the appearance of blisters with a cloudy liquid or mixed with blood. In the affected area, sensitivity is impaired, that is, the victim does not feel pain within it.
• IV degree. The lesion affects all tissues, including skin, muscles and tendons.

As a rule, in practice one has to deal with burns corresponding to III and IV degrees.

Burns with acids and alkalis: characteristic signs and features

If the burn was caused by exposure to an acidic or alkaline liquid, a scab (crust) will form in the affected area. The scab itself is soft and loose, has a whitish tint, and does not stand out against the background of unaffected tissue by its borders. When comparing burns caused by alkaline liquids and burns caused by acidic liquids, it can be noted that alkaline liquids penetrate much deeper than acidic liquids, and accordingly, their degree of impact is more extensive.

An acid burn is characterized by the appearance of a dry and hard crust, which has clear boundaries of the affected area, which makes it stand out against the background of healthy areas of the skin. It is noteworthy that acid burns are mostly superficial.

As for the color of the skin lesion during a chemical burn, it is determined based on the type of the active substance. Thus, exposure to sulfuric acid makes the skin first white, then gray or brown. A nitric acid burn gives the skin a light yellow-green or brownish-yellow hue. A burn with hydrochloric acid makes the affected skin yellowish, a burn with acetic acid makes it dirty brown. If the burn was caused by exposure to carbolic acid, the affected area first becomes white, a little later - brown, and if we are talking about a type of burn such as a burn with concentrated hydrogen peroxide, then the affected area becomes gray.

Another important point is that the destruction of skin tissue occurs even after the connection with the chemical component is eliminated, that is, the absorption of the chemical continues to a certain point. For this reason, accuracy in determining the degree of burn during the first few hours (days) from the moment of injury is excluded as a possibility.

Accordingly, an accurate diagnosis can be made only after 7-10 days - that is, by the time the resulting crust begins to fester. The severity and danger of chemical burns is determined based on the area of ​​the lesion and its depth, therefore, the larger the area of ​​the lesion, the more dangerous this burn is for the health and life of the victim.

First aid for chemical burns

• Clothing and jewelry in the affected area, which have also been exposed to chemical components, are removed.
• To get rid of the causes of a chemical burn affecting the skin, you should, as we have already indicated, wash off the chemicals from it with running water. Note that if this is possible, the affected area must be kept under running water for about 15 minutes or more. If timely removal of the affecting component was not carried out, then the duration of subsequent washing should be half an hour or more.
• It is impossible to get rid of the affecting chemical substance using napkins or cotton swabs moistened with water - this will only lead to increased penetration.
• When the active chemical is in powder form, its residue is first removed from the skin, after which it is washed. The only exception in this situation is the categorical prohibition of interaction of such a substance with water. In particular, this is true for aluminum - an organic compound of this substance upon contact with water leads to ignition.
• If the burning sensation intensifies after washing the affected area, you should rinse it again (about 5 minutes).
• After washing the affected area, they begin to neutralize the affecting chemical components. If we are talking about an acid burn, then use a 2% solution of baking soda (2.5 cups of water + 1 teaspoon of baking soda) or soapy water. In case of alkali burn, use a weak solution of citric acid or vinegar. When exposed to the chemical components of lime, a 2% sugar solution is used. Neutralization of carbolic acid is carried out using lime milk and glycerin.
• Reducing pain is achieved by using a damp, cold cloth/towel applied to the affected area.
• Finally, a loose bandage (without the possibility of squeezing) made of dry, clean cloth or dry bandage/gauze is applied to the area affected by the chemical attack.

When does a chemical burn require emergency medical care?

Undoubtedly, first aid for chemical burns immediately after injury is more than important, but in some cases it is still impossible to do without qualified assistance. It is necessary in the following situations:

• the appearance of signs of shock in the victim (loss of consciousness, shallow breathing, pale skin);
• the total diameter of the lesion exceeds 7.5 cm and its penetration is noted deeper than the first layer of skin;
• in case of chemical damage, the areas of the legs, groin, face, buttocks, arms, large joints, mouth or esophagus were exposed;
• the appearance of significant pain in the victim that is not eliminated by the use of painkillers.

Skin lesions from alkaline substances are classified as chemical burns and are more dangerous than thermal injuries or even. If you receive this type of injury, it is important to act correctly before the doctor arrives. First aid for alkali burns has some characteristic differences from measures for thermal injuries.

A chemical burn with alkali is a serious and dangerous injury due to the nature of the reagent’s action when it comes into contact with the skin. Caustic solutions penetrate deep into the tissues, convert proteins into alkaline albuminates, which is accompanied by the formation of loose, soft whitish scabs. Such wounds take a long time to heal, and over time, darkened crusts form bleeding ulcers. Traces in the form of scars remain at the site of damage.

Depending on the concentration of the reagent, its volume, time of exposure to the skin, tissue, depth and extent of injury, 4 degrees of damage are distinguished:

I – only the epidermis is damaged. A minor injury is accompanied by slight swelling, redness of the skin, and burning.

II – the lesion affects the dermis. In the damaged area, blisters with exudate inside are observed. Symptoms of injury are pain, burning, redness, swelling.

III – refers to severe injury. The lower skin layers and subcutaneous tissue are affected. Bubbles of various sizes form; when they burst, they expose the inflamed papillary layer of the dermis. The injury is accompanied by severe pain, swelling, tissue necrosis, and scab formation.

IV is the most severe degree, in which soft tissues, muscles, and ligaments are affected. The lesion can reach the bones. The injury poses a great danger to the health of the victim; surgical treatment and plastic surgery are often required.

ICD 10 code T20-T32.

First aid rules

If you get a burn from alkali, what should you do? They can be at work or at home. In enterprises that use concentrated acidic, alkaline substances or transport them, injuries occur when safety rules are not followed. In everyday life you can get burned with ammonia solution or caustic soda.

Correctly provided first aid determines the further condition of the victim and the progress of healing of the wound surface.

Alkali damage is characterized by the continuation of its effect on tissue even after the reagent has ceased contact with the skin. In this regard, first aid is characterized by neutralizing the effect of the alkaline substance. You should proceed according to the algorithm:

1. Remove the victim's clothing.
2. Rinse the affected area with cool water (keep the wound surface under running water for at least 20 minutes). It is prohibited to remove the reagent from the skin using wet wipes, cloth, or towels. Rubbing the damaged area will cause the alkali (acid) to penetrate even deeper and worsen the damage.
3. Treat the wound with citric acid or vinegar dissolved in water.
4. Cover with a wound dressing without using ointments.
5. Call an ambulance.

Often an alkali burn at home occurs due to careless handling of quicklime. Mostly the hands and eyes are affected. What to do with lesions in such cases? Many would answer “quickly wash off the reagent from the skin, rinse the eyes.” But these actions are the most common mistake that aggravates trauma.

Emergency care if quicklime gets on the skin and mucous membranes does not include rinsing with water. The reagent reacts with it and the effect of the chemical intensifies.

PMP for eye burns with alkali, quicklime (ground or lump) lime should:

1. Rinse the organs of vision with a solution of disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 3% (Na2EDTA). For this purpose, solutions of Versen, Trilon B, Complexon 3, Helaton are used.
2. After you have managed to neutralize the alkali, you can rinse your eyes with water.
3. Examine the organs of vision under the eyelids for reagent residues and remove them with a clean napkin.
4. Apply Floxal or other drops with an antiseptic effect to your eyes. For severe pain, Novocaine drops should be used.
5. Place Korneregel regenerating eye ointment behind your eyelids.
6. Call an ambulance or take the victim to a medical facility.

Emergency help if quicklime gets on your skin is to remove the reagent using a dry (!) method:

• If necessary, remove clothing.
• Using a dry napkin or cloth, carefully remove the lime from the wound surface.
• Lubricate the injured area with oil, fat or rich cream.
• Apply a sterile bandage.
• Call a doctor.

If alkali or acid gets into the mouth, pharynx or esophagus, a chemical burn can cause serious breathing problems. Signs will be: acute pain, vomiting containing mucous particles, drooling, difficulty breathing.

Providing emergency assistance in these cases consists of the following actions:

• if affected by acid, the victim must be given a soda solution to drink;
• if an alkaline substance is ingested, give the patient a drink of an aqueous solution with acetic or citric acid 2%;
• rinse the stomach;
• give milk to drink;
• give 50-100 grams to drink. oils;
• call a doctor.

In what cases does it cause tissue necrosis?

Prolonged contact and high concentration of alkali can cause wet (colliquation) tissue necrosis. This necrosis is worse and more dangerous than dry (coagulative) necrosis from an acid burn.

Under the soft, loose scab, there is a weeping wound, swelling, hyperemia, and the release of cloudy exudate. The process of dying spreads deep and diametrically. Infection and suppuration of the wound area often occur. In such cases, the patient needs surgical treatment, removal of necrotic tissue, and skin grafting.

Treatment methods

An alkali burn is a serious injury that requires proper treatment to prevent the wound from becoming more severe and becoming infected.

In a medical institution, the wound surface is disinfected with solutions of Dioxyzol or Novoimanin. Sintomycin ointment is used to protect the injured area from the development of pathogenic microflora. Oxycyclosole spray is indicated for the treatment of deep burns. It has an antibacterial effect and eliminates allergic manifestations.

For pain relief, the patient is prescribed anesthetic pastes for local use and injections with Lidocaine, Trimecaine, Analgin. For III-IV degree burns, the use of sedatives (Relanium, Valoserdin, Persen) and therapy aimed at detoxification are indicated. Ringer's or Lasix solutions are used intravenously.

In case of severe shock and swelling, glucocorticosteroid drugs are eliminated. To accelerate tissue restoration, Retinol, Solcoseryl, Aevit, Aekol are used.

If the mucous membrane of the mouth and pharynx is damaged, gargling with antiseptic solutions (Aqualor, Anestezin, Miramistin) is added.

At home, it is possible to treat burn wounds from exposure to alkali only with mild degree I of damage, sometimes II in the absence of a threat to health. Therapeutic measures include the use of Panthenol, Syntomycin, Levomekol, Bepanten, Sulfargin, Oxycyclosol. Traditional methods are not excluded: egg white, washing the wound with decoctions of St. John's wort and calendula, aloe juice, golden mustache.

Precautionary measures

When working with chemical reagents, you should protect yourself with the necessary equipment (goggles, gown, gloves). Alkalis and acids should be kept in tightly closed containers with warning stickers or notices. Even if a drop gets on the skin, it is worth treating the wound immediately, preventing the damage from spreading.